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Chemistry A level > Chapter 11 Basicconcepts Of Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Basicconcepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

hydrocarbon

A

A compound of hydrogen and carbon only.

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2
Q

saturated

A

Containing single bonds only.

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3
Q

saturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon with single bonds only.

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4
Q

unsaturated

A

Containing a multiple carbon-carbon bond.

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5
Q

homologous series

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2.

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6
Q

alkanes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the general formula: CnH2n+2.
bond angle around carbon is 109.5

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7
Q

functional group

A

The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions.

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8
Q

aliphatic

A

Containing carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.

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9
Q

alicyclic

A

Containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that is not aromatic.

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10
Q

aromatic

A

Containing one or more benzene rings.

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11
Q

alkenes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with at one double carbon-to-carbon bonds and the general formula: CnH2n.

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12
Q

alkynes

A

The hydrocarbon homologous series with one triple carbon-to-carbon bonds and the general formula: CnH2n–2.

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13
Q

alkyl group

A

A side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain, for example, CH3, C2H5; any alkyl group is often shown as R.

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14
Q

Alkene (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

C=C -ene

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15
Q

Alcohol (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-OH
prefix hydroxyl-
suffix -ol

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16
Q

Haloalkane (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-Cl -Br -I

prefix chloro- bromo- iodo-

17
Q

aldehyde (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-CHO c=o
|
h

suffix -al

18
Q

Ketone (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-C(CO)C-
o
||
C-C-C

suffix -one

19
Q

carboxylic acid (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-COOH
-C=O
|
OH

suffix -oic acid

20
Q

ester (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-COOC-
-C=O
|
O -C

suffix -OATE

21
Q

ACYL CHLORIDE (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-COCl
-C=O
I
CL
suffix -oyl chloride

22
Q

amine (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-NH2
prefix amino-
suffix -amine

23
Q

nitrile (functional group + pre/suffix)

A

-CN

suffix -nitrile

24
Q

molecular formula

A

A formula that shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

25
Q

empirical formula

A

The formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.

26
Q

structural formula

A

A formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a
molecule.

27
Q

displayed formula

A

A formula showing the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them.

28
Q

skeletal formula

A

A simplified organic formula, with hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.

29
Q

general formula

A

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series. For example, the general formula of the alkanes is CnH2n+2.

30
Q

Homologous series general formula

A 
Alkanes CnH2n+2
Alkenes CnH2n
Alcohols CnH2n+1OH/ CnH2n+2O(molecular)
Carboxylic acids CnH2nO2
Ketones CnH2nO
31
Q

structural isomers

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulae.

32
Q

homolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals.

33
Q

heterolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to an atom, forming a cation (positive ion) and an anion (negative ion).

34
Q

radical

A

A species with an unpaired electron.

35
Q

reaction mechanism

A

The sequence of bond breaking and bond-forming steps that shows the path taken by electrons during a reaction.

36
Q

addition reaction

A

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a one saturated molecule.

37
Q

substitution reaction

A

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different
atom or group of atoms.

38
Q

elimination reaction

A

The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.

Chemistry A level (31 decks)

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