chapter 25.3 and 25.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the boundary that marks the density change between layers?

A

discontinuity

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2
Q

How can discontinuities be identified?

A

Seismic waves

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3
Q

What is a shadow zone?

A

no seismic waves have been recorded

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4
Q

What is another term for shadow zone?

A

dead zone

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5
Q

What are the degrees that shadow zones can fall between?

A
  • 105

- 140

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6
Q

Is the outer core a solid or a liquid?

A

liquid

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7
Q

Is the inner core a solid or a liquid? Why?

A

Solid because the pressure

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8
Q

What makes up the lithosphere?

A

crust and uppermost mantle

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9
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

plastic like layer upon which which Earth’s plates move

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10
Q

Which elements make up the mantle?

A
  • Calcium
  • Aluminum
  • Iron
  • Magnesium
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11
Q

Which elements make up the core?

A
  • Iron

- Nickel

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12
Q

viscosity

A

the measure of a fluids resistance to flow

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13
Q

silica

A

chemical compound silicon dioxide which is a common ingredient in most magma

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14
Q

cinder cone volcanoes

A

tend to be a small, have heights on the hundreds of meter range, and have short eruption cycles

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15
Q

shield volcanoes

A

broad,flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

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16
Q

composite volcanoes

A

large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens or kilometres across the base, and composed of both layers of lava and ash

17
Q

what is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth called?

18
Q

where is the ring of fire located?

A

Pacific ocean

19
Q

what forms when tectonic plates collide along subduction zone?

20
Q

what two specific locations have volcanic activity do to divergence?

A
  • mid-atlantic ridge

- east african rift valley

21
Q

are hot spots stationary?

22
Q

what are created from hot spots?

A

islands (the Hawaii islands)

23
Q

if a viscosity is higher,is it going to flow slower or faster?

24
Q

if magma has higher viscosity, is it going to have more silica?

25
what is pyroclastic material?
solid material that erupts from a volcano
26
what is the smallest type of pyroclastic material?
ash
27
what is the biggest type or pyroclastic material?
blocks and bombs
28
what types of gasses come from volcanoes?
- water vapor | - carbon dioxide
29
how are volcanoes classified?
- size - shape - materials that erupt
30
what are the three types of volcanoes?
- cinder cone - composite - shield