Chapter 25.3 & 25.4

Question 1

What is the boundary that marks a density change between layers?

Answer 1

Discontinuity

Question 2

How are discontinuities identified?

Answer 2

By using seismic waves

Question 3

What are shadow zones?

Answer 3

Areas where seismic waves aren’t recorded

Question 4

What is another name/term for “Shadow Zone”?

Answer 4

Dead zone

Question 5

Between which degree range do “Shadow Zones” fall?

Answer 5

105-140 degrees

Question 6

Is the Outer Core a liquid or a solid?

Answer 6

Liquid

Question 7

Is the Inner Core a liquid or a solid? Why?

Answer 7

Solid, because of the pressure

Question 8

What makes up the Lithosphere?

Answer 8

Crust and uppermost mantle

Question 9

What is the Asthenosphere?

Answer 9

A plastic-like layer on which Earth’s plates move.

Question 10

Which elements make up the mantle?

Answer 10

Calcium, Aluminum, Iron, and Magnesium

Question 11

Which elements make up the Core?

Answer 11

Iron and Nickel

Question 12

The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

Answer 12

Viscosity

Question 13

The chemical compound silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is a common ingredient in most magma

Answer 13

Silica

Question 14

Volcanoes that tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles

Answer 14

Cinder cone volcanoes

Question 15

Broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

Answer 15

Shield Volcanoes

Question 16

Volcanoes that are large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash

Answer 16

Composite volcanoes

Question 17

What is molten, or liquid rock, stored inside Earth called?

Answer 17

Magma

Question 18

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

Answer 18

On the Pacific Ocean shoreline

Question 19

Which two specific locations, have volcanic activity, due to divergence?

Answer 19

East African Rift Valley and Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question 20

Are hot spots stationary?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What can hot spots create?

Answer 21

Islands (Hawaiian Islands)

Question 22

If the viscosity is higher, will the fluid flow more quickly or slowly?

Answer 22

More slowly

Question 23

If magma has a high viscosity, will it contain more or less silica?

Answer 23

More silica

Question 24

What is Pyroclastic Material?

Answer 24

Any solid material that erupts from a volcano

Question 25

What is the smallest Pyroclastic Material?

Answer 25

Volcanic Ash

Question 26

What is the largest Pyroclastic Material

Answer 26

Volcanic blocks and bombs

Question 27

What types of gases erupt from a volcano?

Answer 27

Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide

Question 28

What is the eruptive style linked to?

Answer 28

Temperature and composition

Question 29

How are volcanoes classified?

Answer 29

According to their size, shape, and the materials that erupt

Question 30

What are the three types of volcanoes?

Answer 30

Shield, Cinder Cone, and Composite