Chapter 25.3 & 25.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the boundary that marks a density change between layers?

A

Discontinuity

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2
Q

How are discontinuities identified?

A

By using seismic waves

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3
Q

What are shadow zones?

A

Areas where seismic waves aren’t recorded

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4
Q

What is another name/term for “Shadow Zone”?

A

Dead zone

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5
Q

Between which degree range do “Shadow Zones” fall?

A

105-140 degrees

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6
Q

Is the Outer Core a liquid or a solid?

A

Liquid

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7
Q

Is the Inner Core a liquid or a solid? Why?

A

Solid, because of the pressure

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8
Q

What makes up the Lithosphere?

A

Crust and uppermost mantle

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9
Q

What is the Asthenosphere?

A

A plastic-like layer on which Earth’s plates move.

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10
Q

Which elements make up the mantle?

A

Calcium, Aluminum, Iron, and Magnesium

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11
Q

Which elements make up the Core?

A

Iron and Nickel

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12
Q

The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

A

Viscosity

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13
Q

The chemical compound silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is a common ingredient in most magma

A

Silica

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14
Q

Volcanoes that tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles

A

Cinder cone volcanoes

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15
Q

Broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

A

Shield Volcanoes

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16
Q

Volcanoes that are large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash

A

Composite volcanoes

17
Q

What is molten, or liquid rock, stored inside Earth called?

18
Q

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

A

On the Pacific Ocean shoreline

19
Q

Which two specific locations, have volcanic activity, due to divergence?

A

East African Rift Valley and Mid-Atlantic Ridge

20
Q

Are hot spots stationary?

21
Q

What can hot spots create?

A

Islands (Hawaiian Islands)

22
Q

If the viscosity is higher, will the fluid flow more quickly or slowly?

A

More slowly

23
Q

If magma has a high viscosity, will it contain more or less silica?

A

More silica

24
Q

What is Pyroclastic Material?

A

Any solid material that erupts from a volcano

25
What is the smallest Pyroclastic Material?
Volcanic Ash
26
What is the largest Pyroclastic Material
Volcanic blocks and bombs
27
What types of gases erupt from a volcano?
Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide
28
What is the eruptive style linked to?
Temperature and composition
29
How are volcanoes classified?
According to their size, shape, and the materials that erupt
30
What are the three types of volcanoes?
Shield, Cinder Cone, and Composite