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Physical Science > Ch 29 > Flashcards

Ch 29 Flashcards

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1
Q

A round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

A

Sphere

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2
Q

An elongated, closed curve with two foci

A

Ellipse

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3
Q

Is it Earth a perfect sphere?

A

No, the diameter around the Equator is longer than the diameter from Pole to Pole

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4
Q

What are some ancient observations that proves Earth is a sphere?

A

Any object that falls, falls straight down, the Earth’s shadow on the Moon during the Lunar Eclipse is curved, and people in different parts of the Earth see different stars above their horizons

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5
Q

What are two factors that affect gravitational strength?

A

Mass of object and Distance between them

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6
Q

Which one of Earth’s diameter is longer, pole to pole, or Equator?

A

Equator

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7
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

Harmful Radiation from the Sun

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8
Q

Which hemisphere is the South Magnetic Pole located in?

A

The Northern Hemisphere

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9
Q

At what degrees, does Earth’s axis tilt?

A

11.7 Degrees

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10
Q

Can the Magnetic Poles change?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is the name of the large-scale movement, where the magnetic poles switch?

A

Magnetic Reversals

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12
Q

How often do Magnetic Reversals occur?

A

Every 200,000 Years

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13
Q

Which part of Earth’s Magnetic Field, deflects harmful radiation from the Sun

A

Magnetosphere

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14
Q

What are the two scientific names for the Southern Lights and Northern Lights?

A

Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) and Aurora Australis (Southern Lights)

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15
Q

How are the Auroras created?

A

Electrically charged particles in the Sun collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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16
Q

When is Earth closest to the Sun?

A

Early January- 147 Million km

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17
Q

When is Earth farthest to the Sun?

A

Early July- 152 Million km

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18
Q

An area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

A

Time Zone

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19
Q

The spinning of Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from Earth’s North Pole to its South Pole

A

Rotation

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20
Q

The motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the Sun

A

Revolution

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21
Q

The plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun

A

Ecliptic

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22
Q

Occurrence when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the Sun or away from the Sun

A

Solstice

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23
Q

Occurrence when Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of the Sun

A

Equinox

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24
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C?

A

Babylonians

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25
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

The Sun

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26
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 Degrees

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27
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

24 Hours

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28
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15 Degrees

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29
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

East

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30
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

West

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31
Q

True or false. All time zones are the exact same size?

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites

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32
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24

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33
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

34
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

West

35
Q

How many time zones are there in the United States?

A

6 (Atlantic/Alaskan)

36
Q

What are the names of the time zones in the United States?

A

Atlantic/Alaskan, Hawaiian, Mountain, Central, and Eastern Time

37
Q

What is a solar day?

A

The movement of the Sun from one noon one day until one noon the next day

38
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

Looking at a star position until it comes back the next time

39
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

Revolution and Tilt of the Axis

40
Q

Which two seasons have a solstice?

A

Winter and Summer

41
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June 21

42
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December 21

43
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

Fall/Autumn and Spring

44
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March 20 or 21

45
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September 22 or 23

46
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

Summer Solstice (June 21)

47
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

Winter Solstice (December 21)

48
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

Equinoxes (March 21 or 20) (September 22 or 23)

49
Q

A rise or fall in the ocean surface

A

Tide

50
Q

Reflects the change om appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth

A

Moon Phase

51
Q

Occurrence when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on Earth

A

Solar Eclipse

52
Q

Occurrence when Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the Moon

A

Lunar Eclipse

53
Q

The dark-colored, flat, lava-filled regions on the Moon’s surface

A

Maria

54
Q

A layer of dusty material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon

A

Regolith

55
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?

A

27.3 Days

56
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

Synodic Month

57
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

No, you only see one side

58
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

Gravitational pull by the Sun and Moon

59
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

High Tides

60
Q

After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop?

A

6 Hours

61
Q

Which is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon?

A

Sun

62
Q

Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth’s tides?

A

Moon

63
Q

How are the sun. the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

They are in a straight line

64
Q

How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

A 90 Degree Angle

65
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

Positions of the Moon, Earth, and Sun

66
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun

67
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A

Eight

68
Q

What is the definition of waxing phases?

A

The illuminated portion of the Moon we see appears larger each night

69
Q

What is the definition of waning phases?

A

The illuminated portion of the Moon that we see begins to appear smaller

70
Q

What are the moon phases name?

A

New Moon, Waxing Crescent, 1st Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, 3rd Quarter, Waning Crescent

71
Q

Where is the word month derived from? (root word)

A

Moon (Same Root Word)

72
Q

How is the earth, moon, and the sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

The Moon is in between the Sun and Earth. Sun, Moon, Earth.

73
Q

What is an umbra?

A

The darkest portion of the Moon’s shadow (Total Solar Eclipse)

74
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

The lightest portion of the Moon’s shadow (Partial Solar Eclipse)

75
Q

How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

Moon, Earth, Sun. The Earth between the Sun and Moon

76
Q

How are depressions on the moon formed?

A

Asteroids, Meteorites, and Comets strike the surfaces of planets and their satellite

77
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes

78
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

Far Side Crust/ Dark Side/ Back Side

79
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

Solid

80
Q

What did the Clementine spacecraft do? (2 things)

A

Confirmed the thickness of the Moon and provided information on the mineral content of the Moon

81
Q

What did the Lunar Prospector do? (3 things)

A

Took photographs of Moon’s surface, confirmed that the Moon has a small, iron-rich core, and collected evidence that supports the presence of water-ice on the Moon

82
Q

What is the Giant Impact Theory?

A

The theory that a Mar-sized object collided with Earth, sending debris out into orbit, he debris condensed forming a large mass, the Moon

Physical Science (6 decks)

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