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Physical Science > Ch 28 > Flashcards

Ch 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

A layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

Occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

Temperature Inversion

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3
Q

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

Greenhouse Effect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheric layers divided?

A

The difference in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen, 78%

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6
Q

What gas makes up 21% in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

What is the remaining 1% of the atmosphere made up of?

A

Trace Gases (majority is Argon)

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8
Q

Within the Troposphere, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Temperature Decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are there in the Atmosphere?

A

5 Layers

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10
Q

What are the names of the atmosphere layers, starting from Earth’s surface, then going up?

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere

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11
Q

Which layer is the Ozone Layer found in?

A

Stratosphere

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12
Q

Within the Stratosphere, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Increases

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13
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude in the Mesosphere?

A

Lower Level, Decreases, Higher Level, Increases

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14
Q

Do the Thermosphere and Exosphere impact the weather?

A

No

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15
Q

Where does 100% of solar radiation come from?

A

The Sun

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16
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface?

A

50%

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17
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected off of Earth’s surface?

A

5%

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18
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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19
Q

What percentage of solar radiation, is reflected by particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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20
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, Cumulus, and Cirrus

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21
Q

Describe Stratus Clouds

A

Layered, sheet-like clouds

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22
Q

Describe Cumulus Clouds

A

Puffy clouds

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23
Q

Describe Cirrus Clouds

A

Wispy clouds in high altitude

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24
Q

What is the process called where water leaves the Earth, and comes back into land

A

The Water Cycle

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25
Q

What are all the steps of the Water Cycle?

A

Evaporation, Transpiration, Infiltration, Runoff, Precipitation, and Condensation

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26
Q

A narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air

A

Jet Streams

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27
Q

The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation

A

Coriolis Effect

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28
Q

A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

A

Air Mass

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29
Q

Air masses that interact with zones

A

Weather Fronts

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30
Q

How many jet streams are there in the world?

A

4

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31
Q

How many Pressure Systems are there?

A

2

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32
Q

What is a Low Pressure System also called?

A

A Low (L)

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33
Q

Which direction does a Low rotate?

A

Counterclockwise

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34
Q

What are some results of a Low-Pressure System?

A

Air rises, causing cloud formation and precipitation

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35
Q

What is a High-Pressure System also known as?

A

A High (H)

36
Q

Which direction does a High-Pressure System rotate?

A

Clockwise

37
Q

What is a result of a High-Pressure System?

A

The air sinks, creating clear skies

38
Q

What are the 4 Weather Fronts?

A

Cold, Warm, Stationary, and Occluded

39
Q

How are Cold Fronts created?

A

Cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner

40
Q

How are Cold Fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Blue Triangles

41
Q

How are Warm Fronts created?

A

Warm air rises gently above cold air

42
Q

How are Warm Fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Red semi-circles

43
Q

How are Stationary Fronts created?

A

Cold and Warm air masses meet and neither front advances

44
Q

How are Stationary Fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Red Semi-Circles and Blue Triangles Alternating (Bottom and Top)

45
Q

How are Occluded Fronts created?

A

A fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow-moving warm front

46
Q

How are Occluded Fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Alternating Purple Triangles and Semi-Circles (On Top)

47
Q

A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean

A

Maritime Climate

48
Q

A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

A

Continental Climate

49
Q

Breeze that blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water

A

Sea Breeze

50
Q

Long-term average of weather conditions

A

Climate

51
Q

Day to day outside conditions

A

Weather

52
Q

What are the five spheres that make up Earth’s system?

A

Atmosphere, Biosphere, Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere

53
Q

What is the Atmosphere?

A

The air around us

54
Q

What is the Biosphere?

A

Everything organic

55
Q

What is the Hydrosphere?

A

Liquid water

56
Q

What is the Cryosphere?

A

Frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers

57
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

58
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?

A

Latitude

59
Q

Where is solar radiation most intense on Earth’s surface?

A

The Equator

60
Q

At what degrees, do the sun rays hit the Tropical Zones?

A

90 Degrees

61
Q

At which angle, do the Sun rays hit Earth in the Temperate Zones?

A

45 Degrees

62
Q

At which angle, do the Sun rays hit the Polar Zones?

A

30 Degrees

63
Q

Which zone is Lamar, Colorado located in?

A

Temperate Zone

64
Q

What other factors determine climate?

A

Precipitation, Mountains, and Water

65
Q

What is the windward side conditions like?

A

Cool and Wet, with lots of vegetation

66
Q

What are the conditions like on the leeward side?

A

The air is warm and dry, and little to no vegetation

67
Q

What is a land breeze?

A

Where wind blows from the land to the water, at nighttime

68
Q

Which climate zone and type of vegetation, does Lamar, Colorado have?

A

Warm and Semi-Arid, and Grassland

69
Q

An increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s near-surface air and ocean

A

Global Warming

70
Q

The warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years

A

El Nino

71
Q

Trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface is colder than normal

A

La Nina

72
Q

What are two changes that Earth’s climate undergoes?

A

Seasonal and Long-Term Changes

73
Q

How do seasonal changes occur?

A

How Earth revolves around the Sun

74
Q

Which hemisphere experiences Summer?

A

The Hemisphere tilted towards the Sun

75
Q

Are we closer or farther to the Sun when we are in Summer?

A

Farther

76
Q

What was the period of time called, when most of Earth’s surface was covered in ice?

A

Ice Age

77
Q

About how long ago, did the world’s climate get to current state?

A

3,000 years ago

78
Q

What are some factors that can cause climate change?

A

A change in Earth’s tilt, a change in the shape of Earth’s orbit, and the distance from the Sun

79
Q

How can Humans cause climate change?

A

Energy Consumption, Deforestation, Industrial Practices, and Agricultural Practices

80
Q

What is Deforestation?

A

The clearing of large areas of forest land

81
Q

How does Deforestation affect Climate Change?

A

When trees are removed, more Carbon dioxide is released, heating the air

82
Q

A round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

A

Sphere

83
Q

An elongated, closed curve with two foci

A

Ellipse

84
Q

Is it Earth a perfect sphere?

A

No, the diameter around the Equator is longer than the diameter from Pole to Pole

85
Q

What are some ancient observations that proves Earth is a sphere?

A

Any object that falls, falls straight down, the Earth’s shadow on the Moon during the Lunar Eclipse is curved, and people in different parts of the Earth see different stars above their horizons

Physical Science (6 decks)

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