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Physical Science > Ch 28 > Flashcards

Ch 28 Flashcards

1
Q

A layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

Occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

Temperature Inversion

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3
Q

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

Greenhouse Effect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheric layers divided?

A

The difference in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen, 78%

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6
Q

What gas makes up 21% in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

What is the remaining 1% of the atmosphere made up of?

A

Trace Gases (majority is Argon)

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8
Q

Within the Troposphere, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Temperature Decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are there in the Atmosphere?

A

5 Layers

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10
Q

What are the names of the atmosphere layers, starting from Earth’s surface, then going up?

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere

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11
Q

Which layer is the Ozone Layer found in?

A

Stratosphere

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12
Q

Within the Stratosphere, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Increases

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13
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude in the Mesosphere?

A

Lower Level, Decreases, Higher Level, Increases

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14
Q

Do the Thermosphere and Exosphere impact the weather?

A

No

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15
Q

Where does 100% of solar radiation come from?

A

The Sun

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16
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface?

A

50%

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17
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected off of Earth’s surface?

A

5%

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18
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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19
Q

What percentage of solar radiation, is reflected by particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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20
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, Cumulus, and Cirrus

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21
Q

Describe Stratus Clouds

A

Layered, sheet-like clouds

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22
Q

Describe Cumulus Clouds

A

Puffy clouds

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23
Q

Describe Cirrus Clouds

A

Wispy clouds in high altitude

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24
Q

What is the process called where water leaves the Earth, and comes back into land

A

The Water Cycle

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25
What are all the steps of the Water Cycle?
Evaporation, Transpiration, Infiltration, Runoff, Precipitation, and Condensation
26
A narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air
Jet Streams
27
The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth's rotation
Coriolis Effect
28
A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout
Air Mass
29
Air masses that interact with zones
Weather Fronts
30
How many jet streams are there in the world?
4
31
How many Pressure Systems are there?
2
32
What is a Low Pressure System also called?
A Low (L)
33
Which direction does a Low rotate?
Counterclockwise
34
What are some results of a Low-Pressure System?
Air rises, causing cloud formation and precipitation
35
What is a High-Pressure System also known as?
A High (H)
36
Which direction does a High-Pressure System rotate?
Clockwise
37
What is a result of a High-Pressure System?
The air sinks, creating clear skies
38
What are the 4 Weather Fronts?
Cold, Warm, Stationary, and Occluded
39
How are Cold Fronts created?
Cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner
40
How are Cold Fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Blue Triangles
41
How are Warm Fronts created?
Warm air rises gently above cold air
42
How are Warm Fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Red semi-circles
43
How are Stationary Fronts created?
Cold and Warm air masses meet and neither front advances
44
How are Stationary Fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Red Semi-Circles and Blue Triangles Alternating (Bottom and Top)
45
How are Occluded Fronts created?
A fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow-moving warm front
46
How are Occluded Fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Alternating Purple Triangles and Semi-Circles (On Top)
47
A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean
Maritime Climate
48
A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean
Continental Climate
49
Breeze that blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water
Sea Breeze
50
Long-term average of weather conditions
Climate
51
Day to day outside conditions
Weather
52
What are the five spheres that make up Earth's system?
Atmosphere, Biosphere, Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere
53
What is the Atmosphere?
The air around us
54
What is the Biosphere?
Everything organic
55
What is the Hydrosphere?
Liquid water
56
What is the Cryosphere?
Frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers
57
What is the Lithosphere?
Earth's outermost layer
58
What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?
Latitude
59
Where is solar radiation most intense on Earth's surface?
The Equator
60
At what degrees, do the sun rays hit the Tropical Zones?
90 Degrees
61
At which angle, do the Sun rays hit Earth in the Temperate Zones?
45 Degrees
62
At which angle, do the Sun rays hit the Polar Zones?
30 Degrees
63
Which zone is Lamar, Colorado located in?
Temperate Zone
64
What other factors determine climate?
Precipitation, Mountains, and Water
65
What is the windward side conditions like?
Cool and Wet, with lots of vegetation
66
What are the conditions like on the leeward side?
The air is warm and dry, and little to no vegetation
67
What is a land breeze?
Where wind blows from the land to the water, at nighttime
68
Which climate zone and type of vegetation, does Lamar, Colorado have?
Warm and Semi-Arid, and Grassland
69
An increase in the average temperatures of Earth's near-surface air and ocean
Global Warming
70
The warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years
El Nino
71
Trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface is colder than normal
La Nina
72
What are two changes that Earth's climate undergoes?
Seasonal and Long-Term Changes
73
How do seasonal changes occur?
How Earth revolves around the Sun
74
Which hemisphere experiences Summer?
The Hemisphere tilted towards the Sun
75
Are we closer or farther to the Sun when we are in Summer?
Farther
76
What was the period of time called, when most of Earth's surface was covered in ice?
Ice Age
77
About how long ago, did the world's climate get to current state?
3,000 years ago
78
What are some factors that can cause climate change?
A change in Earth's tilt, a change in the shape of Earth's orbit, and the distance from the Sun
79
How can Humans cause climate change?
Energy Consumption, Deforestation, Industrial Practices, and Agricultural Practices
80
What is Deforestation?
The clearing of large areas of forest land
81
How does Deforestation affect Climate Change?
When trees are removed, more Carbon dioxide is released, heating the air
82
A round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions
Sphere
83
An elongated, closed curve with two foci
Ellipse
84
Is it Earth a perfect sphere?
No, the diameter around the Equator is longer than the diameter from Pole to Pole
85
What are some ancient observations that proves Earth is a sphere?
Any object that falls, falls straight down, the Earth's shadow on the Moon during the Lunar Eclipse is curved, and people in different parts of the Earth see different stars above their horizons

Physical Science (6 decks)

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