Ch 26

Question 1

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Answer 1

Mineral

Question 2

The color of a mineral in powered form

Answer 2

Streak

Question 3

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

Answer 3

Cleavage

Question 4

Minerals that break with irregular surfaces

Answer 4

Fracture

Question 5

The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching

Answer 5

Hardness

Question 6

Molten rock material inside Earth

Answer 6

Magma

Question 7

A mineral is _______, __________, _________?

Answer 7

Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

Question 8

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

Answer 8

Silicon and oxygen

Question 9

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 9

Material that are nonliving

Question 10

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 10

The way a mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what type of crystal shape it has

Question 11

What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

Answer 11

Luster, Streak, Fracture, Cleavage, Hardness, Crystal Shape, and Atomic Arrangement

Question 12

What are the two types of luster?

Answer 12

Metallic and nonmetallic

Question 13

How does metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 13

Very easily, like a piece of metal

Question 14

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

Answer 14

Glassy appearance, or appears earthy or waxy

Question 15

How do you perform a streak test?

Answer 15

By rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile

Question 16

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 16

Cleavage and Fracture

Question 17

What is the name if the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 17

Mohs Scale of Hardness

Question 18

What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?

Answer 18

1-10

Question 19

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 19

Six

Question 20

Minerals grow from the ______

Answer 20

Inside out

Question 21

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

Answer 21

Evaporation, Hot Water, and Molten Rock

Question 22

What are the two mineral groups?

Answer 22

Silicates and Nonsilicates

Question 23

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

Answer 23

Silicates

Question 24

What elements are Silicates made up of?

Answer 24

Silicon and Oxygen

Question 25

Nonsillicates do not contain what element?

Answer 25

Silicon

Question 26

What mineral is used to make glass?

Answer 26

Quartz

Question 27

Define rock

Answer 27

A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

Question 28

How are rocks identified?

Answer 28

By their texture and composition

Question 29

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

Answer 29

Describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rock's components

Question 30

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form from?

Answer 30

They form from molten rock material that cools and crystallize either underground or on Earth's surface

Question 31

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

Answer 31

Magma

Question 32

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

Answer 32

Bowen's Reaction Series

Question 33

What are the 3 types of magma?

Answer 33

Mafic, Intermediate, and Felsic

Question 34

Which magma type has a low silica content?

Answer 34

Mafic

Question 35

Which magma type has a high silica content?

Answer 35

Felsic

Question 36

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (oceanic or continental)

Answer 36

Continental Crust

Question 37

What type of crust has little or no quartz? (continental or oceanic)

Answer 37

Deep locations in Continental or with Oceanic

Question 38

What type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

Answer 38

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Question 39

What type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

Answer 39

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Question 40

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Answer 40

Quickly

Question 41

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock? (this answer was our weekly assignment question for Tuesday)

Answer 41

Vesicular and Porphyritic

Question 42

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

Answer 42

Vesicular

Question 43

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

Answer 43

Porphyritic

Question 44

What specific name of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

Answer 44

Pumice

Question 45

Define Clasts

Answer 45

Small rock and mineral fragments

Question 46

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?

Answer 46

Water, wind, etc.

Question 47

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

Answer 47

When the clasts are being moved to a new location

Question 48

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

Answer 48

The materials are getting dropped off

Question 49

Define pore space

Answer 49

The empty space in between the grains

Question 50

Define compaction

Answer 50

The process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

Question 51

Define cementation

Answer 51

The process when minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts

Question 52

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 52

Compaction and Cementation

Question 53

What is another name for clasts?

Answer 53

Detritus

Question 54

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

Answer 54

Detrital Sedimentary Rock

Question 55

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

Answer 55

Gravel, Sand, Silt, or Clay

Question 56

What clast size would be deposited first?

Answer 56

Gravel

Question 57

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

Answer 57

Conglomerate, Sandstone, Siltstone, and Shale

Question 58

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 58

You have clasts that get compressed, water flows through them, causing cementation

Question 59

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

Answer 59

Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks

Question 60

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

Answer 60

Limestone and Coal

Question 61

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?

Answer 61

Detrital, Chemical, and Biochemical

Question 62

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

Answer 62

Heat, Pressure, and Chemical Reactions

Question 63

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

Answer 63

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic

Question 64

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

Answer 64

Regional Metamorphism

Question 65

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?

Answer 65

Contact Metamorphism

Question 66

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

Answer 66

Slate

Question 67

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

Answer 67

Foliated and Nonfoliated

Question 68

Define foliated texture

Answer 68

The rockk has crystals that are arranged in layers and bands

Question 69

Define nonfoliated texture

Answer 69

Randomly Placed Crystals, Uniform Grain Size, and Uniform Color

Question 70

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?

Answer 70

Texture and Composition

Question 71

Define Rock Cycle

Answer 71

The continual changing of rocks from one type to another

Question 72

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

Answer 72

Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic Rocks

Question 73

What are the 3 types of rocks?

Answer 73

Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic

Question 74

Which types of rocks form from molten rock?

Answer 74

Igneous

Question 75

Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

Answer 75

Sedimentary

Question 76

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

Answer 76

Metamorphic Rock

Question 77

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

Answer 77

Minerals