Chapter 25: Respiratory system Flashcards
What is the respiratory system?
The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system.
The upper respiratory system includes…
- Nose
- Nasal Cavity
- Sinuses
- Oral Cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
The lower respiratory system includes
- Trachea
- Bronchial Tree
- Alveoli
- Lungs
1 & 2 in this picture represent what two sinuses?
- Sphenodial Sinus
- Frontal
1 & 2 are the _____ and ______ which form the two most bottome regions of the upper respiratory tract
- Pharynx
- Larynx
Number 1 is a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity. It protects and cushions the lungs. It is known as ______.
Number 2 is the major/primary muscle involved in breathing which when contracting, flatters and allows the chest caivty to enlarge to accomodate the air brought in by the lungs. It is known as _____.
- Pleura
- Diaphragm
The function of the nasopharynx is to…
Conduct air
The primary function(s) for the oropharynx are….
Conducts air and serves as passageway for food and drink.
Numbers 1-6 are…
- Nasal Cavity
- Internal Nares
- Soft Palate
- Nasal Conchae
- External Nares
- Oral Cavity
Number 1 in this picture is known as the….
Hard palate
Identify 1-4 sinuses
- Frontal
- Ethmodial
- Sphenoidal
- Maxillary
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and Vomer comprise which nasal structure?
Nasal Septum
Number 6 on this photo is known as…
Maxillary sinus
1,2,3 are known as…
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
the primary function of the epiglottis is…
The epiglottis is a small, movable “lid” just above the larynx that prevents food and drink from entering your windpipe.
identify 1-4
- epiglottis
- thyroid cartilage
- circoid cartilage
- trachea
Label 1-3 in this photo
- Epiglottis
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
identify 1-3 in this photo
- Vestibular ligament
- vocal ligament
- Arytenoid cartilage
Also known as the “voice box”, the blue starred structure in this photo is….
The larynx
the green arrow indicates which structure?
glottis
1 and 2 represent…
- vocal fold
- vestibular fold
the green arrow represents which OPENING. (think carefully)
rima glottidis
rima glottidis + vocal folds = ________
glottis
Identify 1-4 in this photo
- Main bronchus
- Segmental Bronchus
- Trachea
- Lobar Bronchus
1 and 2 are…
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
The primary function of alveoli is…
where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
Individuals with asthma suffering an asthma attack have an increased in muscle contraction of the airway, known as bronchoconstriction, and additionally have an inflammed sub_1____ and extra __2_____ secretion.
- submucosa
- Mucus secretion
The right lung has ____ lobes? The are…
3; Superior, Middle, Inferior
Is this a right or left lung? Correctly label 1,2,3
Right
- Superior Lobe
- Middle Lobe
- Inferior Lobe
structure 1 in this photo is known as..
Cardiac notch
What is the primary function of the Hilum?
It is the space where vessels and nerves pass from your bronchus to your lungs. The hilum keeps your lungs anchored in place.
The structure 1 in this photo is…
Hilum
1 is the ____ pleura and 2 is the _____ pleura
- Visceral
- Parietal
1 is the ______
2 is the ______
- Visceral Pleura
- Parietal Pleura
Pleuritis is essentially when…
is a condition in which the pleura become inflamed
Atelectasis is a…
collapsed lung
Adhesive atelectasis is characterized by…
Loss of contact between the parietal and visceral pleura.
A pneumothorax is when…
There is air in the pleural space, which can lead to an adhesive atelectasis.
What is respiration generally defined as?
Exchage of gases between atmosphere and body cells.
Pulmonary ventilation is…
getting air into/out of lungs
Boyle’s law states that…
the pressure of gas is inversely proportional to volume of container.
How does Boyle’s law play an important role in ventilation?
When muscles such as the diaphragm compress the lungs, this in turn decreases the size of the “container” and as a result, in order to try to maintain equilibrium, the body exhales gases.
What does the term compliance refer to in the context of lungs?
Compliance is referring to the elasticisty of the lungs which must be in good health for the mechanism of expand-contract, to work well.
What muscles are used in normal inhalation? Primary and secondary
Diaphragm and External intercostal muscles(primary)
Scalene muscles, Pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid (secondary)
What muscles are used during FORCED exhalation?
Rectus abdominus, internal intercostals, transversus thoracis
The term emphysema is referring to…
Damage to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli.
