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Chapter 25 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What shall we do with our great cities? What will our great cities do with us . . . ? [T]he question . . . does not concern the city alone. The whole country is affected . . . by the condition of it’s great cities.

A

Lyman Abbott

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2
Q

How was the growth in America and other places?

A

Population and the economy exploded

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3
Q

How did American communute from the late 1860s to the early 1900s?

A

In rapid transit, electric trolleys, subways, and walking

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4
Q

Where did people get lured in industrial jobs?

A

In factory centers

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5
Q

Which main group was attracted to the urban lifestyle and why?

A

Young adults b/c they wanted to be independent

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6
Q

What items made the urban life more enticing?

A

Electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones

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7
Q

What stores attracted urban middle class shoppers?

A

Macy’s and Marshall Field’s

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8
Q

Macy’s and Marshall Field’s provide jobs for who?

A

Woman

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9
Q

Which two main concepts did Urbanism cause?

A

Consumerism and widen class divisions

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10
Q

What novelist wrote about escaping the rural life to Chicago?

A

Theodore Dresier

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11
Q

How did the city change rural life?

A

Country dwellers produced little household waste, domestic animals ate food scraps, clothes were now mended

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12
Q

What is a mail order house?

A

items given through mail

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13
Q

What mail order houses displaced the rural “general store”?

A

Sears and Montgomery Ward

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14
Q

What was a big issue in the new urban life?

A

Waste disposal

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15
Q

What were some downsides to urban life?

A

Criminals flourished, sanitary facilities couldn’t keep up, impure water, uncollected garbage, & unwashed bodies

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16
Q

What were the good and bad sides of the city?

A

Merchant princes/miserable paupers, banks/factories, green grassed suburbs/treeless ghettos, skyscrapers/tenements

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17
Q

What did these dumbbell tenements look like?

A

Several families lived in one floor and shared a bathroom in the hall

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18
Q

What are flophouses?

A

Where half starved and unemployed would sleep for a few cents on mattresses

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19
Q

What happened in downtown Chicago in 1871?

A

Two-thirds burned and left thousands of people homeless and destroyed thousands of buildings

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20
Q

Where did the wealthy begin to go to after fleeing the cities?

A

The suburbs

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21
Q

Which countries did immigrants come from?

A

British isles, western Europe such as Germany & Ireland (Chinese too)

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22
Q

How did old European immigrants adjust well to American life?

A

Supportive ethnic organizations, farm communities & urban craft unions

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23
Q

Where were the new immigrants from in 1880s?

A

They came from southern & eastern europe such as Italians, Jews, Croats, Slovaks, Greeks, and Poles

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24
Q

What kind of countries did these new immigrants come from?

A

They came from little history of democratic government, people would obey out of fear do to tyranny, & with few opportunities

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25
Where did most Europeans go to?
More than half of them went to the U.S while others went to South America, Canada, Africa & Australia
26
How was the U.S painted as a fabulous opportunity in the "America letters"?
Better food, free from military compulsory, & no religious persecution
27
Who were the majority of immigrants and did they become Americans?
Single men that would stay several months to years & then returned with their money back home
28
How did immigrants try to preserve their culture?
Catholics expanded their small-minded school systems, Jews established Hebrew schools, foreign newspapers appeared, Yiddish theaters, kosher-food stores, Polish parishes, Greek restaurants, & Italian clubs
29
How did the children of immigrants do?
They grew up speaking English, mocked their parents broken grammar, rejected the Old Country manners to become mainstream in American life
30
How did the federal government react towards the overflow of immigrants?
They didn't weed out criminals nor the insane and didn't help ease assimilation into American society
31
Where did the needs of immigrants fall towards to?
Unofficial "governments" of the urban political machines led by bosses like New York's Boss Tweed
32
How was taking "care" of immigrants big business?
Jobs were given in exchange for votes
33
How would the boss return the support received from immigrants?
They would provide jobs, housing, food, clothing
34
What did the boss help build in immigrant neighborhood?
Schools, parks, and hospitals
35
What did protestant clergymen sought?
To apply lessons of Christianity to the slums and factories
36
What did social gospelers predict would be the logical outcome of Christianity?
Socialism
37
Who was Jane Addams?
The first generation of college-educated women & established the Hull House the most prominent American settlement house (won nobel peace prize)
38
How did the Hull house help immigrants?
Offered instruction in English, cope with American big-city life, child-care services for working mothers, and cultural activities
39
What did settlement houses become?
Women's activism & social reform
40
What did women successfully lobby in?
An Illinois anti-sweatshop law that protects women workers & prohibits child labor
41
Who was Florence Kelley?
Led the case for the Illinois law and advocated for welfare of women, children, blacks and consumers
42
Why did new immigrants come to America?
Escape poverty and seek new opportunities
43
What were nativists worried about?
That America was becoming not a melting pot but a dumping ground
44
Why did the nativists think it was becoming dumping ground?
They saw the Europeans as exotic, the high birthrate and low standard living
45
What did native-born Americans blame for immigrants?
Degradation of the government
46
What was the American Protective Association?
Antiforeign organization
47
What did the American Protective Association urge for?
Voting against Roman Catholic candidates for office
48
What happened when the first restrictive law passed?
Shut the door on paupers & criminals
49
How many presidents vetoed the literacy test until it passed?
Three
50
What was the measure of achievement?
Money & proclaimed that God caused the righteous to prosper
51
Who were the liberal protestants?
Adapted religious ideas into modern culture
52
What did liberal protestants do?
Reconcile Christianity with new scientific & economic doctrines, rejected biblical literalism, urged Christians to view biblical stories as models for Christian behavior than as teaching
53
Who is James Gibbons?
An urban Catholic leader devoted to American unity & assisted in helping the American labor movement
54
Who was the Salvation Army?
Gave free soup & settled at the beachhead
55
How was the Church of Christ founded?
Mary Baker Eddy after suffering from ill health and wrote a book
56
Who was Charles Darwin?
Set sensational theory that higher forms of life had slowly evolved from lower forms thru random bio mutation & adaption
57
Which group was under the grasp of Darwin's ideas?
Scientists and Zoologists such as Louis Agassiz
58
What did commenters begin to increasingly refrain from adding to?
Religious perspectives
59
What was adopted before the nationwide Civil War?
Tax-supported elementary schools
60
What were states making compulsory at the beginning of 1870?
A grade school education
61
What was becoming the birthright of every citizen?
A high school education
62
When did teacher training schools experienced an expansion?
After the civil war
63
Where were kindergartens borrowed from?
Germany
64
Where were there better educational facilities?
In crowded cities
65
What region in the U.S lagged behind in education?
The South
66
What is Tuskgee Institute?
training young black adults in agriculture and trades
67
Who is Booker T. Washington?
An ex-slave and an educator
68
What was Booker T. Washington called?
An accommodationist b/c it stopped direct challenge of white supermacy
69
Where did George Washington Carver teach and research?
Tuskgee Institute
70
What happened to colleges & uni's after the Civil war?
Became indispensable, women & African Americans were finding higher opportunities (during the midwest)
71
What are Land-grant colleges?
became state uni's to provide services such as military training
72
What was the Hatch Act of 1887?
provided funds for the set-up of agricultural experiment stations
73
What did private philanthropy supply?
grants to higher education
74
What was a philanthropist described as?
one who steals privately and gives publicly
75
Who was one of the greatest intellectuals?
William James served 25 years on the Harvard faulty
76
What was pragmatism?
The truth of an idea was to be tested above all by its practical consequences
77
What did books continue to be?
A major source of edification and enjoyment for both juveniles & adults
78
What was sensationalism?
Semi-literate Immigrants combined with Urban commuters created a market for news (vulgar)
79
What is yellow journalism?
based on sensationalism & exaggeration
80
Who was Joseph Pulitzer?
Was a leader in the techniques of sensationalism
81
Who was William Randolph Hearst?
He built a powerful chain of newspapers such as San Francisco Examiner
82
What was the most influential journal of all?
New York Nation was read by professors, preachers, and publicists
83
What did Edwin L. Godkin believe in?
Believed he could reach millions with the right leaders and ideas
84
Who is Henry George?
A journalist who became controversial after his single-tax idea
85
What was George's tax idea?
A 100% tax on windfall profits would eliminate unfair inequalities and stimulate economic growth
86
Who was Edward Bellamy?
A journalist-reformer with a book called backward where a hero wakes up in 2000 that all the injustices melted away
87
Who was Victoria Woodhull and Tennessee Claflin?
Sisters who shocked society when their journal revealed the most famous preacher had an affair
88
How were families in Urban cities struggling?
They were emotionally isolating places and many cracked under stress which led to divorce rates
89
How did living on the farms affect work habits and family size?
Many children meant help with harvesting, but in the city it was a lot more difficult
90
What did it mean to have children in Urban cities?
More mouths to feed, more crowding, more baggage led to birth rates to drop and family size to shrink
91
How did Charlotte Gilan help women encourage to be more independent?
In women and economics, that being specialized in taking care of kids and cooking isn't a disadvantage
92
How was it for women who began to enter the workforce in the 1890s?
Despite, the hours being long, pay low, and advancement limited it brought $ and social independence
93
Why were many working women single?
Taboo for mothers & wives to be working
94
White collar jobs such as social workers & secretaries were reserved for who?
Native-born women
95
Who founded the National American Woman suffrage Association?
Aggressive suffragists like Elizabeth Stanton & Susan Anthony
96
Who was Carrie Chapman Catt?
A reformer & stressed of giving women to vote if they were to continue to discharge their traditional duties
97
Who was the first state to grant unrestricted suffrage to women?
Wyoming
98
Which group was excluded in the reborn suffrage movement and in other women's organizations?
Black (probs other minorities too)
99
What was the National Prohibition party?
Polled votes in some of the presidential elections
100
What was the Women's Christian Temperance Union?
Advocated for anti-alcohol and planned parenthood
101
How was the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals created?
After the founder witnessed brutality to horses in Russia
102
What were the three movements responded to the Gilded Age reform in books?
Realism, naturalism, and regionalism
103
What is realism?
Created romance and supernatural melodrama
104
Who was William Dean Howells?
The father of American realism
105
What is naturalism?
A more intense literacy response than mainstream realism
106
What was regionalism?
A movement sought to record the local ways of life
107
What did the poetry book "Lyrics of Lowly Life" & short stories "Atlantic Monthly" & "The Conjure woman" embrace?
The black dialect and folklore to capture the southern black culture
108
What did realism and regionalism energize?
The American Art World
109
What genres were being created?
Orchestras, Operas, Symphonies, Spirituals, blues, & jazz
110
What was the City Beautiful Movement?
A new generation of architects and planners
111
What did the architects want to convey?
harmony, order, and monumentality
112
What was the World's Columbian Exposition?
Imposed landscape of pavilions & fountains to honor Columbus's first voyage
113
The pursuit of happiness become what?
A scramble

APUSH (27 decks)

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