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APUSH > Chapter 24 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Quiz Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

The wealthy class is becoming more wealthy; but the poorer class is becoming more dependent. The gulf between the employed and the employer is growing wider; social contrasts are becoming sharper; as liveried carriages appear; so do barefooted children

A

Henry George

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2
Q

Transcontinental railroad building was so _______ and _____

A

costly, risky

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3
Q

What did the construction of railway systems promise?

A

Greater national unity and economic growth

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4
Q

What did congress do after being impressed by pleads military and postal needs?

A

Advanced liberal loans to two cross-continent companies

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5
Q

What did grasping railroads also acquire?

A

More land

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6
Q

What did land grants to railroads made in broad belts along the proposed route lead to?

A

The railroads were allowed to choose alternate mile-square sections

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7
Q

Railroads withheld all the land until..

A

they determined the precise location of their track & decided which sections were the best

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8
Q

Who put an end to railroad companies retaining the land?

A

Grover Cleveland and let others to claim land that wasn’t taken

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9
Q

Why was granting land a cheap way to fund a desired transportation system>

A

It avoided new taxes fr direct cash grants

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10
Q

What happened to villages that had railroads?

A

They would becoming flourishing cities

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11
Q

What happened to villages that didn’t have railroads?

A

They would wither away and become “Ghost towns”

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12
Q

How was the hiatus of the proposed transcontinental railroad broken?

A

When the South broke away

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13
Q

What was the urgency for bolstering the Union?

A

By binding the pacific Coast to the rest of the republic

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14
Q

What was the Union’s name that was commissioned to go westward from Nebraska?

A

The Union Pacific Railroad

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15
Q

What was the pace of construction gangs of Irish paddies?

A

Fast

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16
Q

What would laborers do when Natives would attack to protect their lands?

A

They would drop their picks and seize their rifles

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17
Q

Where would railroad workers try to relax for Nebraska westward expansion?

A

They would relax in tenant towns known as “hells on wheels” along with prostitutes and performers

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18
Q

How did Chinese workers benefit the unions?

A

They were cheap, efficient, and dispensable

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19
Q

How did thousands of Chinese workers lose their lives?

A

In premature explosions

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20
Q

Who didn’t receive any land grants?

A

The Great Northern

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21
Q

What would pioneer builders do?

A

They would lay down railroads that would led to nothing

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22
Q

Who was the genius that switched from steamboating to railroading?

A

Cornelius Vanderbilt

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23
Q

How was Vanderbilt successful in the railroad industry?

A

He offered the service at low rates, popularized steel rail, & efficiency/safety

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24
Q

How was steel better than iron?

A

It was safer and economical since it would carry more

25
Q

How did railroads help economic growth?

A

Trains hauled materials to factories and farmers carried fruits to market

26
Q

Where did Railroad companies try to find immigrants to work for them?

A

Europe

27
Q

Where did most European settlers go to?

A

Iowa, Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska

28
Q

How did railroad operators deal with local times?

A

They divided the country up into four time zones to stop worrying about schedules and wrecks

29
Q

What does the “stock watering” mean in railroad terms?

A

Promoters inflated their claims about a lines assets, profitability, sold stocks, and bonds

30
Q

What were railroad managers forced to do?

A

They were forced to charge rates and wage competitive battles to pay off financial obligations

31
Q

How did railroaders buy and sell people in life?

A

They bribed judges, employed lobbyists, gave free passes to journalists and politicians

32
Q

What was the “pool” for alliances between railroaders?

A

To divide the business and share profits

33
Q

How did the depression of the 1870s affect the farmers?

A

The farmers protested and became against being “railroaded” into bankruptcy

34
Q

What was the Wabash, St. Louis & pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois case?

A

Declared that individual states had no power to regulate interstate trade

35
Q

What was the Interstate Commerce Act?

A

It prohibited refunds, pools and required the railroads to push their rates to the public

36
Q

How did the Commerce Act set up the Interstate Commerce Commission?

A

It made them administer and enforce the new legislation

37
Q

Where were investors from abroad that loaned money to the United States from?

A

Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland

38
Q

What was steel largely built on?

A

The sweat of low priced immigrant labor from east and south Europe working 12 hours every week

39
Q

What was Thomas Edison known for?

A

He was known for perfecting the electric lightbulb

40
Q

Who invented the telephone?

A

Alexander Graham

41
Q

Who were the business leaders at that time?

A

Andrew Carnegie, John D, Rockefeller & J. Pierpont Morgan

42
Q

Where did miners mainly mine?

A

Mesabi Range

43
Q

Where did Carnegie ships float ores towards?

A

Great Lakes

44
Q

Where did railroads delivered to the blast furnaces ores at?

A

Pittsburgh

45
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

Combining into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing

46
Q

What was Carnegie’s goal?

A

To improve efficiency by making supplies, controlling the quality, and eliminating middlemen’s fees

47
Q

What was horizontal integration?

A

Allying with competitors to monopolize a given market

48
Q

How Carnegie control rivals?

A

Trust

49
Q

What was the standard oil company?

A

Stockholders in various smaller oil companies assigned their stock to this

50
Q

What was Rockefeller’s unwritten motto?

A

Let us pray

51
Q

What was interlocking directorates?

A

Consolidate rival enterprises to ensure future harmony by placing officer of his own on various boards of directors

52
Q

What did William Kelly discover?

A

He discovered that cold air blown on a red-hot iron caused the metal to become white hot by igniting carbon which eliminated impurities

53
Q

How did J. Pierpont Morgan make a legendary reputation for himself?

A

By financing the reorganization of railroads, insurance companies, and banks

54
Q

What did Carnegie dedicate the last years of his life to?

A

Giving money to libraries, pensions for professors, and others

55
Q

How did Morgan move rapidly once Carnegie passed away?

A

He took his buildings and his company was the first to be a billionaire

55
Q

How did Morgan move rapidly once Carnegie passed away?

A

He took his buildings and his company was the first to be a billionaire

56
Q

What was the first major product of the infant oil industry?

A

Kerosene

57
Q

How did the oil industry turn around after the electric lightbulb?

A

Gasoline was now in steam and electricity

APUSH (27 decks)

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