Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio Unit 4 > Chapter 25 Macroevolution > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Macroevolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolutionary changes that produce new species and groups of new species

A

Macroevolution / Speciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a group of related organisms that share a distinct set of attributes.

A

Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A taxon below the species level are geographically isolated groups of the same species that display at least one distinct difference, but are different enough to be considered separate species.

A

Subspecies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prevents one species from successfully breeding with other species.

A

Reproductive Isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a species is a group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another to produce viable fertile offspring but cannot interbreed with other species.

A

Biological Species Concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mechanisms that prevent interbreeding between different species.

A

Reproductive Isolating Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

they prevent the formation of a zygote

A

Prezygotic Isolating Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

they block the development of a viable fertilized cell

A

Postzygotic Isolating Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When two species do produce offspring

A

Interspecies Hybrid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Taxonomy and Classification

A

Linnaean systems to organize living systems based on “likeness”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Taxonomy

A

Classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nomenclature

A

Naming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Linnaean Taxa (All 8 in order)

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Dear King Phillip Came Over For Great…Sushi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Linnaean Nomenclature (binomial)

A

First name is genus

Second name is Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rules of binomial nomenclature

A
  1. Only first letter is capitalized
  2. Both names must be italicized or underlined.
  3. Can abbreviate genus if already used once.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Three Domain Systems

A

Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea, Domain Eukarya

17
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

Prokaryotic unicellular organisms with cell walls composed of peptidoglycan (protein/sugar, kinda)

18
Q

Domain Archaea

A

Prokaryotic unicellular organisms with cell walls NOT made of peptidoglycan and plasma membranes composed of meterial other than phospholipids. Newish. Plasma is for ability to live in extreme conditions. Non-pathenogenic

19
Q

Domain Eukarya

A 
Eukaryotic organisms (cells with nuclei)
--There are both unicellular and multicellular organisms in the domain.
20
Q

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Protista

A
  • (mostly) no cell walls
  • Photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic
  • Unicellular (mostly)
  • Most are motile–able to move
    • -Currently a “catch-all” group
    • -Do not ingest food
    • -No division of labor in multicellular organisms
21
Q

Kingdom Plantae

A
  • Cell walls made of cellulose
  • Photosynthetic
  • Multicellular
  • Have tissues
22
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A
  • Cell wall made of chitin (Kite-en) sugar
  • non-photosynthetic
  • Unicellular and multicellular
23
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A
  • No cell walls
  • Non-Photosynthetic
  • Multicellular
  • (Ingestion and division of labor)
24
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

Defines a species as groups of populations that have the potential to interbreed and that are reproductively isolated from other groups. (will produce viable offspring

25
Q

Limitations of biological species concept

A 
asexual organisms
obligate parasites (viruses, bacteria)
26
Q

Advantage of Biological species Concept

A

Testable

27
Q

Speciation

A

development of new species

28
Q

Classic Speciation Hypothesis

A
  1. In some cases, speciation may occur due to abrupt events, such as changes in chromosome number, that cause reproductive isolation.
  2. Species arise as a consequence of adaptation to different ecological niches. For sexually reproducing organisms. reproductive isolation is typically a by-product of that adaptation.
29
Q

Reproductive Isolation

A

When organisms no longer mate with each other or when they do mate, they can’t produce fertile offspring.

30
Q

Divergence is what type of process

A

Microevolutionary process

31
Q

Zygote

A

Diploid cell that occurs when two haploid cells merge.

32
Q

Prezygotic isolation

A

Occurs before a zygote forms.

33
Q

Postzygotic Isolation

A

Occurs after a zygote forms. (mule)

34
Q

Type of Prezygotic isolation

A

Behavior-mating rituals
Habitat Isolation
Size-Mechanical Isolation-Reproductive organs must be compatible.
Temporal Isolation timing of reproduction
Gamete Isolation-Gametes can’t physically combine, Sperm need to mat egg ligand receptor.

35
Q

Hybrid Inviability

A

Zygote is formed, but fails to develop into a viable hybrid.

36
Q

Hybrid Sterility

A

Offspring (interspecies hybrids) are created, but offspring are sterile often due to chromosome incompatibility. Mules and Ligers

37
Q

Hybrid Breakdown

A

The F1 interspecies hybrids are viable and fertile but succeeding generations are inviable. Mostly develop early cancers.

Bio Unit 4 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions