Chapter 23 An Intro to Evolution

Question 1

Evolution that results in two species from different lineages having similar characteristics as a result of inhabiting a similar environment

Answer 1

Convergent Evolution

Question 2

Structures in different species that are similar in function but are a result of separate lineages

Answer 2

Analogous Structures

Question 3

The programs and processes designed to modify traits in domestic species.

Answer 3

Artificial Selection/Selective Breeding

Question 4

Structures in different species that are similar in function and are the result of shared lineage

Answer 4

Homologous Structures

Question 5

Structures that have no current function

Answer 5

Vestigial Structures

Question 6

Darwin’s Finches

Answer 6

Source of Data for Darwin’s original hypothesis.

• Evidence from modern day genetic analysis shows one regulatory protein shared in all species that regulates expression of genes influencing beak size/shape
• Evidence collected since 1973 documents correlation between change in beak size/shape within Geospiza Fortis and amount of precipitation in previous season.

Question 7

Microevolution

Answer 7

Allele frequency change within a single population. Grant beak observation points to natural selection.

Question 8

Macroevolution

Answer 8

Development of new species from common ancestral population.

Question 9

Fossils

Answer 9

Preserved remains of once living organisms

• “True” fossils formed only under certain conditions. - Sediment -Environment turns to Rock -Calcium in bones -Remain undisturbed till formed.
• Age of fossil determined by dating material around fossil
• Data interpreted using theory that sedimentary rock is deposited by weathering
• Some “fossils” are not actually rock…still useful.

Question 10

Biogeography

Answer 10

Isolated continents and island groups have distinct plant and animal communities.

Question 11

Convergent Evolution

Answer 11

A type of evolution that results in Analogous Structures

Question 12

Analogous Structures

Answer 12

Structures similar in function but different in origin (body shape in marine animals)

Question 13

Microevolution–Natural Selection

Answer 13

It’s the best way to survive in the environment.

Question 14

Selective Breeding

Answer 14

Aftificial Selection

Question 15

Dogs

Answer 15

Microevolution–
Artificial selection
Mutation
Non-random mating

Question 16

Homologous Structures

Answer 16

Structures with different functions and similar appearances that all derive from the same body part in a common ancestor. Ex: forearm bones in vertebrates

Question 17

Vestigial Structures

Answer 17

Structures in organisms that have no apparent function.
Ex. Pelvic bone in whales and boa constrictors
Fingernails in manatees
Appendix in humans.