Chapter 25

Question 1

Arterial bleeding

Answer 1

Bleeding from an artery, characterized by bright red blood that is rapid, pro fusion, and difficult to control.

Question 2

Capillary bleeding

Answer 2

Bleeding from capillaries, which is characterized by a slow, oozing flow of blood
Small surface cut

Question 3

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 3

Shock caused by the hearts inadequate pumping action. It is often the result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure.

Question 4

Compensated shock

Answer 4

When a patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion

Question 5

Decompensated shock

Answer 5

When the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume, Or lack of perfusion

Question 6

Hemorrhage

Answer 6

Bleeding, especially severe bleeding.

Question 7

Hemorrhagic shock

Answer 7

Shock resulting from blood loss

Question 8

Hemostatic agents

Answer 8

Substances applied as powders dressings guys or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding

Question 9

Hypoperfusion

Answer 9

The body’s inability to adequately circulate blood to the body cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients

Question 10

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 10

Shock resulting from blood loss or fluid loss (internal or external)

Question 11

Neurogenic shock

Answer 11

Hypo perfusion due to nerve paralysis resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond capacity

Question 12

Perfusion

Answer 12

The supply of oxygen to and removal of waste from the body cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Question 13

Pressure dressing

Answer 13

A bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage which applies pressure to help control bleeding

Question 14

Shock

Answer 14

The bodies in ability to adequately circulate blood to the body cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients which is a life-threatening condition also known as hypo perfusion

Question 15

Tourniquet

Answer 15

A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an Extremity

Question 16

Venous bleeding

Answer 16

Bleeding from a vein which is characterized by dark red or maroon blood and a steady easy to control flow

Question 17

What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

Answer 17

The heart, blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them

Question 18

What are the three major types of blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the body?

Answer 18

Arteries, capillaries, veins.

Question 19

What do arteries do?

Answer 19

The arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, they are under a great deal of pressure. A artery has a thick muscular wall that enables it to dilate or constrict depending on the amount of oxygen and nutrients that are needed by the cells or organs is it feeds.

Question 20

What are the three types of external bleeding?

Answer 20

Arteries: spurting blood,pulsating flow, bright red color.

Veins: steady flow, slow, dark red color.

Capillaries: slow, even flow

Question 21

What are the 5 functions that blood performs?

Answer 21

Transportation of gases, nutrition, excretion, protection, regulation.

Question 22

Junctional hemorrhage

Answer 22

Occurs where appendages of the body connect to the trunk. These locations have large arteries and veins that tend to be less protected and are vulnerable to traumatic forces.

Question 23

Common blood thinners

Answer 23

Help prevent stroke or heart attacks, but limit the body’s natural ability to form clots.

Question 24

Signs of shock

Answer 24

Altered mental status, pale cool and clammy skin, nausea and vomiting, changes in vital signs.

Question 25

What are the four major methods of controlling external bleeding?

Answer 25

Direct pressure, elevation of a limb, hemostatic agent, Tourniquet.Always consider the need to administer oxygen.

Question 26

Inflatable splints

Answer 26

Also called air spends can be used to control internal and external bleeding from an extremity. Maybe used to control bleeding even if there is no suspected bone injury.

Question 27

Epistaxis

Answer 27

A nosebleed caused by direct trauma to the nose.

Question 28

What are the mechanisms of blunt trauma that causes internal bleeding?

Answer 28

Falls, motor vehicle or motorcycle crashes, auto pedestrian collisions, blast injuries, penetrating trauma, gunshot wounds, stabbing from a knife, Ice pick, screwdriver, or similar object.

Question 29

What is the goal for on scene time when caring for a trauma or shop patient?

Answer 29

10 minutes

Question 30

Golden hour

Answer 30

The optimal time from when the traumatic incident occurred to the patient getting surgery in hospital.

Question 31

Serious blood loss cc in adults, children, and infants?

Answer 31

Adult 1000 cc
Children 500 cc
Infant 150cc

Question 32

A blood pressure cuff can be used as a tourniquet it if it is inflated to?

Answer 32

150 MMHG or more

Question 33

What type of shock is the most common type of shock seen by EMT’s in the field?

Answer 33

Hypovolemic (Hemorrhage) shock

Question 34

What is the most common mechanism of shock for a heart attack patient?

Answer 34

Pump failure

Question 35

What are the Early signs of shock that show that the body is compensating?

Answer 35

Increased heart rate,Increased respirations, pale cool skin,And increased capillary refill times in infants and children.

Question 36

What are the three major types of shots?

Answer 36

Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic.

Question 37

What is the skins total surface area in an adult?

Answer 37

20 ft.²