Chapter 25 Flashcards
Arterial bleeding
Bleeding from an artery, characterized by bright red blood that is rapid, pro fusion, and difficult to control.
Capillary bleeding
Bleeding from capillaries, which is characterized by a slow, oozing flow of blood
Small surface cut
Cardiogenic shock
Shock caused by the hearts inadequate pumping action. It is often the result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure.
Compensated shock
When a patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion
Decompensated shock
When the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume, Or lack of perfusion
Hemorrhage
Bleeding, especially severe bleeding.
Hemorrhagic shock
Shock resulting from blood loss
Hemostatic agents
Substances applied as powders dressings guys or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding
Hypoperfusion
The body’s inability to adequately circulate blood to the body cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
Hypovolemic shock
Shock resulting from blood loss or fluid loss (internal or external)
Neurogenic shock
Hypo perfusion due to nerve paralysis resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond capacity
Perfusion
The supply of oxygen to and removal of waste from the body cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
Pressure dressing
A bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage which applies pressure to help control bleeding
Shock
The bodies in ability to adequately circulate blood to the body cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients which is a life-threatening condition also known as hypo perfusion
Tourniquet
A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an Extremity
Venous bleeding
Bleeding from a vein which is characterized by dark red or maroon blood and a steady easy to control flow
What are the three main components of the circulatory system?
The heart, blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them
What are the three major types of blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the body?
Arteries, capillaries, veins.
What do arteries do?
The arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, they are under a great deal of pressure. A artery has a thick muscular wall that enables it to dilate or constrict depending on the amount of oxygen and nutrients that are needed by the cells or organs is it feeds.
What are the three types of external bleeding?
Arteries: spurting blood,pulsating flow, bright red color.
Veins: steady flow, slow, dark red color.
Capillaries: slow, even flow
What are the 5 functions that blood performs?
Transportation of gases, nutrition, excretion, protection, regulation.
Junctional hemorrhage
Occurs where appendages of the body connect to the trunk. These locations have large arteries and veins that tend to be less protected and are vulnerable to traumatic forces.
Common blood thinners
Help prevent stroke or heart attacks, but limit the body’s natural ability to form clots.
Signs of shock
Altered mental status, pale cool and clammy skin, nausea and vomiting, changes in vital signs.
What are the four major methods of controlling external bleeding?
Direct pressure, elevation of a limb, hemostatic agent, Tourniquet.Always consider the need to administer oxygen.
Inflatable splints
Also called air spends can be used to control internal and external bleeding from an extremity. Maybe used to control bleeding even if there is no suspected bone injury.
Epistaxis
A nosebleed caused by direct trauma to the nose.
What are the mechanisms of blunt trauma that causes internal bleeding?
Falls, motor vehicle or motorcycle crashes, auto pedestrian collisions, blast injuries, penetrating trauma, gunshot wounds, stabbing from a knife, Ice pick, screwdriver, or similar object.
What is the goal for on scene time when caring for a trauma or shop patient?
10 minutes
Golden hour
The optimal time from when the traumatic incident occurred to the patient getting surgery in hospital.
Serious blood loss cc in adults, children, and infants?
Adult 1000 cc
Children 500 cc
Infant 150cc
A blood pressure cuff can be used as a tourniquet it if it is inflated to?
150 MMHG or more
What type of shock is the most common type of shock seen by EMT’s in the field?
Hypovolemic (Hemorrhage) shock
What is the most common mechanism of shock for a heart attack patient?
Pump failure
What are the Early signs of shock that show that the body is compensating?
Increased heart rate,Increased respirations, pale cool skin,And increased capillary refill times in infants and children.
What are the three major types of shots?
Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic.
What is the skins total surface area in an adult?
20 ft.²
