Chapter 24

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

Lack of normal number of red blood cells in circulation

Question 2

Coagulopathy

Answer 2

Loss of the normal ability to form a blood clot internal or external bleeding

Question 3

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Answer 3

Gravity exchange process in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised and lowered to exchange fluid. Fluid is exchanged every 4-6hrs. Several times daily

Question 4

Continuous cycler assisted peritoneal dialysis (ccpd)

Answer 4

Machine fills and empties the abdominal cavity of dialysis solution. Solution is cycled 3-5 times at night and last fill stays in patient all day.

Question 5

Dialysis

Answer 5

The process of removing toxins and excess fluid are removed from the body by a medical system independent of the kidneys

Question 6

End stage renal disease (ESRD)

Answer 6

Irreversible renal failure to extent that the kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration

Question 7

Peritonitis

Answer 7

Bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity. Patients on peritoneal dialysis may develop abdominal pain, fever, and cloudy peritoneal fluid. Infected fluid is much like chicken broth.

Question 8

Exchange

Answer 8

One cycle of filling and draining the peritoneal cavity in peritoneal dialysis

Question 9

Pyelonephritis

Answer 9

The infection that begins in the urinary track and ascends up the ureter into the kidney

Question 10

Renal failure

Answer 10

Loss of the kidneys ability to filter blood and remove toxins in excess fluid from the body

Question 11

Sickle cell anemia (sca)

Answer 11

Sickle cell blood cells

A genetic disease Found an African, Indian and middle eastern people

Question 12

Thrill

Answer 12

A vibration felt on gentle palpation such as that which typically occurs within an Arterial Venous fistula

Question 13

Urinary catheter

Answer 13

A drainage tube placed into the urinary system to allow the flow of urine out of the body

Question 14

What are two major components within the blood that are responsible for clotting?

Answer 14

Platelets and clotting factors

Question 15

Clotting factors

Answer 15

A group of proteins that are produced in the liver normally in active but I activated to initiate clotting when damage occurs to the lining of damage blood vessels

Question 16

What are the two types of anemia?

Answer 16

Acute anemia= result of trauma
Chronic anemia = Occurs over time and can be caused by condition such as re-current heavy menstrual periods, slow gastrointestinal blood loss, or diseases that affect the bone marrow or structure of the hemoglobin molecule

Question 17

Complications of sickle cell anemia

Answer 17

Destruction of spleen, sickle cell pain crisis (pain in extremity), acute chest syndrome(hypoxia)priapism, stroke (ischemic), Jaundice

Question 18

The renal system is made up of?

Answer 18

Two Kidneys
Two ureters
And one urethra

Question 19

The kidneys are responsible for?

Answer 19

Filtering blood and remove certain waste product, excessive salts and excessive fluid from the body. The kidneys also help the body retain needed fluid

Question 20

The most common disease that affects the renal and urinary system, causing symptoms of painful frequent urination, flank pain, and can be a serious life-threatening disease. bacteria is spread into blood stream?

Answer 20

Urinary track infections

UTI

Question 21

Which disease is made of calcium that is formed in the kidney? Can cause severe unilateral Flank pain? And becomes lodged in the ureter unable to pass into the bladder?

Answer 21

Kidney stones

Question 22

What are the two general types of dialysis?

Answer 22

Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Question 23

What type of renal failure can occur as a result of shock, toxic ingestions, and other causes?

Answer 23

Acute renal failure

Question 24

Chronic renal failure

Answer 24

Can include inherited diseases such as polycystic kidney disease. But mostly caused by poorly controlled diabetes, high blood pressure.

Question 25

What is the most common form of dialysis, in which a patient is connected to a dialysis machine that pumps blood to specialize filters to remove toxins and excess fluid?

Answer 25

Hemodialysis

Question 26

Which form of dialysis requires multiple treatments a day and allows the treatments to be done at home? Patient usually has a permanent catheter that is implanted to be your abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 26

Peritoneal dialysis

Question 27

Fistula

Answer 27

Surgically connection artery and vein in a extremity

Question 28

What are complications of dialysis?

Answer 28

Bleeding from the site of the AV fistula, clotting and loss of function of the AV fistula, bacterial infection of blood due to contamination at the AV fistula.

Question 29

What are the most commonly transplanted Organs?

Answer 29

Kidneys

Question 30

Complications of ESRD

Answer 30

When patients fail to get dialysis. Shortness of breath, fluid buildup in the lungs, edema in the lower extremities. High levels of electrolytes potassium can result in patient death.

Question 31

Nephrology

Answer 31

The medical specialty that deals with the kidneys.

Question 32

Certain diseases that make patient prone to poor clotting?

Answer 32

Von Willebrand’s disease, Cirrhosis, hemophiliacs.

Question 33

Blood thinners

Answer 33

Coumadin (warfarin)
Aspirin
Plavix (clopidogrel)

Question 34

Acute renal failure

Answer 34

Result of shock, toxic ingestions and other causes