Chapter 25

Question 1

mid-ocean ridge

Answer 1

a system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

Question 2

rift valley

Answer 2

long narrow depression

Question 3

convergent plate boundary

Answer 3

boundary where tow plates collide

Question 4

subduction

Answer 4

a thick and buoyant continental plate meeta a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the conitent

Question 5

divergent plate boundary

Answer 5

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

Question 6

transform plate boundary

Answer 6

boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

Question 7

earthquake

Answer 7

a sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in earth crust

Question 8

fault

Answer 8

crack in earth’s crust

Question 9

elastic rebound

Answer 9

sudden release of strain energy as rocks move along a fault

Question 10

focus

Answer 10

point of origin for an earthquake

Question 11

epicenter

Answer 11

points on earth’s surface above a focus

Question 12

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

What were some pieces of evidence that supported Alfred’s hypothesis?

Answer 13

1. Large land animal fossils
2. coastlines matched up like puzzle pieces
3. moutain ranges matched up and fitted together with same rock compostion and same age.

Question 14

What was the name of the super continent?

Answer 14

Pangaea

Question 15

Who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis?

Answer 15

Harry Hess

Question 16

What did Harry use to create a 3d map of the seafloor?

Answer 16

Sonar

Question 17

Who discovered the mid ocean ridge?

Answer 17

Harry Hess

Question 18

Where is younger basalt found on the bottom of the seafloor?

Answer 18

Near the Mor(mid ocean ridge)

Question 19

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Answer 19

Diversion boundary
Transform boundary
Convergent boundary

Question 20

What plates can subducation happen with?

Answer 20

Convergent plates

Question 21

What is subduction?

Answer 21

The more dense plate goes under 5he less dense plate.

Question 22

What are the two types of crust that are involved into plate boundary movement?

Answer 22

Continental crust

Oceanic crust

Question 23

Whaat landforms can form when oceanic and continental plate converge?

Answer 23

Deep sea trenches

Volcanoes

Question 24

What land forms can form from when two oceanic crusts collide?

Answer 24

Hotspots that create islands

Deep sea trench

Question 25

Wwhat landforms are created when two continental crusts converge?

Answer 25

Mountains

Question 26

What type of crust must be present active for volcanic activity?

Answer 26

Oceanic crust

Question 26

What type of crust must be present for volcanic activity?

Answer 26

Oceanic crust

Question 27

How do divergent plates moves?

Answer 27

The plates move away.

Question 28

What are two examples of divergent boundaries?

Answer 28

Mor(made up of oceanic crust) | East African Rift (made up of two continental crusts)

Question 29

How do transform plates move?

Answer 29

Slide horizontally by each other.

Question 30

What is a specific example of a transform boundary?

Answer 30

San Andreas Fault

Question 31

What types of crust is involved with transform boundary?

Answer 31

Two continental crusts.

Question 32

What is a convection current.

Answer 32

Magma heats up becomes less dense, then rises. | Magma cools down becomes more dense then sinks.

Question 33

What are the other forces that help with plate movement?

Answer 33

Slab pull Ridge push Friction

Question 34

How deep are earthquakes that happen along divergent,transform, and covergent plate boundaries?

Answer 34

Divergent-less 70km Transform-less 70km Convergent-70km or more

Question 35

What are the four types of stress?

Answer 35

Compression Torsion Tension Shear stress

Question 36

What are the two types of deformation?

Answer 36

Elastic deformation | Plastic deformation

Question 37

What happens to a rock during elastic deformation?

Answer 37

The rock goes back to it regular shape after stress is relieved.

Question 38

What happens to a rock in plastic deformation?

Answer 38

The rock stays in the shape the stress configured it in after the stress is relieved.

Question 39

What are the kinds of seismic waves?

Answer 39

Primary waves Secondary waves Surface waves

Question 40

What is another name for primary eave?

Answer 40

waves? Waves

Question 41

What are the fastest waves?

Answer 41

Primary waves.

Question 42

How do primary waves move?

Answer 42

Compression waves

Question 43

What do pwaves move through?

Answer 43

Solids and liquids

Question 44

How do Secondary waves move?

Answer 44

Transverse waves

Question 45

What type of materials do s waves move through?

Answer 45

Solids

Question 46

What waves cause the most damage and are the most complex?

Answer 46

Surface waves

Question 47

What are the two scales to measure earthquakes?

Answer 47

Richter scale | Mercalli

Question 48

What does the Richter scale measure?

Answer 48

Measures the earthquakes' energy released.

Question 49

What does the mercalli scale tell about an earthquake?

Answer 49

The amount of damage done.