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physical science > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

mid-ocean ridge

A

a system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

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2
Q

rift valley

A

long narrow depression

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3
Q

convergent plate boundary

A

boundary where tow plates collide

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4
Q

subduction

A

a thick and buoyant continental plate meeta a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the conitent

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5
Q

divergent plate boundary

A

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

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6
Q

transform plate boundary

A

boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

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7
Q

earthquake

A

a sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in earth crust

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8
Q

fault

A

crack in earth’s crust

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9
Q

elastic rebound

A

sudden release of strain energy as rocks move along a fault

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10
Q

focus

A

point of origin for an earthquake

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11
Q

epicenter

A

points on earth’s surface above a focus

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12
Q

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

What were some pieces of evidence that supported Alfred’s hypothesis?

A
  1. Large land animal fossils
  2. coastlines matched up like puzzle pieces
  3. moutain ranges matched up and fitted together with same rock compostion and same age.
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14
Q

What was the name of the super continent?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

Who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

What did Harry use to create a 3d map of the seafloor?

A

Sonar

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17
Q

Who discovered the mid ocean ridge?

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

Where is younger basalt found on the bottom of the seafloor?

A

Near the Mor(mid ocean ridge)

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19
Q

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

A

Diversion boundary
Transform boundary
Convergent boundary

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20
Q

What plates can subducation happen with?

A

Convergent plates

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21
Q

What is subduction?

A

The more dense plate goes under 5he less dense plate.

22
Q

What are the two types of crust that are involved into plate boundary movement?

A

Continental crust

Oceanic crust

23
Q

Whaat landforms can form when oceanic and continental plate converge?

A

Deep sea trenches

Volcanoes

24
Q

What land forms can form from when two oceanic crusts collide?

A

Hotspots that create islands

Deep sea trench

25
Q

Wwhat landforms are created when two continental crusts converge?

A

Mountains

26
Q

What type of crust must be present active for volcanic activity?

A

Oceanic crust

26
Q

What type of crust must be present for volcanic activity?

A

Oceanic crust

27
Q

How do divergent plates moves?

A

The plates move away.

28
Q

What are two examples of divergent boundaries?

A

Mor(made up of oceanic crust)

East African Rift (made up of two continental crusts)

29
Q

How do transform plates move?

A

Slide horizontally by each other.

30
Q

What is a specific example of a transform boundary?

A

San Andreas Fault

31
Q

What types of crust is involved with transform boundary?

A

Two continental crusts.

32
Q

What is a convection current.

A

Magma heats up becomes less dense, then rises.

Magma cools down becomes more dense then sinks.

33
Q

What are the other forces that help with plate movement?

A

Slab pull
Ridge push
Friction

34
Q

How deep are earthquakes that happen along divergent,transform, and covergent plate boundaries?

A

Divergent-less 70km
Transform-less 70km
Convergent-70km or more

35
Q

What are the four types of stress?

A

Compression
Torsion
Tension
Shear stress

36
Q

What are the two types of deformation?

A

Elastic deformation

Plastic deformation

37
Q

What happens to a rock during elastic deformation?

A

The rock goes back to it regular shape after stress is relieved.

38
Q

What happens to a rock in plastic deformation?

A

The rock stays in the shape the stress configured it in after the stress is relieved.

39
Q

What are the kinds of seismic waves?

A

Primary waves
Secondary waves
Surface waves

40
Q

What is another name for primary eave?

A

waves? Waves

41
Q

What are the fastest waves?

A

Primary waves.

42
Q

How do primary waves move?

A

Compression waves

43
Q

What do pwaves move through?

A

Solids and liquids

44
Q

How do Secondary waves move?

A

Transverse waves

45
Q

What type of materials do s waves move through?

A

Solids

46
Q

What waves cause the most damage and are the most complex?

A

Surface waves

47
Q

What are the two scales to measure earthquakes?

A

Richter scale

Mercalli

48
Q

What does the Richter scale measure?

A

Measures the earthquakes’ energy released.

49
Q

What does the mercalli scale tell about an earthquake?

A

The amount of damage done.

physical science (13 decks)

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