27.1

Question 1

Define weathering

Answer 1

The process that involves the phyiscal or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface.

Question 2

Define soil

Answer 2

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

Question 3

Define erosion

Answer 3

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

Question 4

Define sediment transport

Answer 4

When gravity moves eroded materials from one place to another.

Question 5

Define deposition

Answer 5

When the erosion agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load.

Question 6

Define drainage basin

Answer 6

The land area that gathers water for a major river.

Question 7

Define long-shore current

Answer 7

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline.

Question 8

Define weathering

Answer 8

The process of physical or chemical breakdown of materials at or near
Earth’s surface.

Question 9

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

Answer 10

Rock type and Landscape

Question 11

What are the two types of weathering?

Answer 11

Mechanical and chemical

Question 12

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

Answer 12

physical change

Question 13

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

Answer 13

chemical change

Question 14

What are the 3 speific types of mechanical weathering?

Answer 14

Frost wedging, collisions, biological activity.

Question 15

What causes frost wedging?

Answer 15

Occurs when water collects in the cracks of rock and then freezes.

Question 16

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

Answer 16

Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Question 17

What causes biological activity?

Answer 17

Plants and Animals

Question 18

what causes weathering during collisions?

Answer 18

When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers.

Question 19

What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?

Answer 19

Oxygen and Water

Question 20

What is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen?

Answer 20

Oxidation

Question 21

What is the chemical process called that is caused by water?

Answer 21

Hydrolysis

Question 22

Define Soil

Answer 22

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting life.

Question 23

What is parent material?

Answer 23

The material from which soil forms.

Question 24

What are soil horizons?

Answer 24

The different layers of soil.

Question 25

How many soil horizons are there?

Answer 25

6

Question 26

True or false. All soils contain every soil horizon.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What are the specific soil horizons?

Answer 27

O A E B C R

Question 28

What does the first soil horizon contain?

Answer 28

organic material

Question 29

What is the second horizon mostly made up of?

Answer 29

minerals

Question 30

Which layer does leaching occur?

Answer 30

finer sediment, lets more soluble materials go deeper, known as leaching.

Question 31

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

Answer 31

E

Question 32

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

Answer 32

C

Question 33

Which layer is unweathered bedrock

Answer 33

R

Question 34

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?

Answer 34

O and A

Question 35

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

Answer 35

E and B

Question 36

Which soil horizons make up the true soil?

Answer 36

O,A,E, and B