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AAOS Atlas of Orthoses and Assitive Devices > Chapter 24: Shoes and Shoe modifications > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Shoes and Shoe modifications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the toe box?

A

The part of the shoe that covers the toes

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2
Q

What is the vamp?

A

The part of the upper that covers the instep

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3
Q

What is the counter?

A

Section of the shoe anterior to the heel.

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4
Q

What is the tongue?

A

Piece that covers the dorsum of the foot

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5
Q

What is the throat?

A

Section where the tongue meets the vamp

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6
Q

What is the insole?

A

Layer of sole closest to the foot

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7
Q

What is the midsole?

A

Layer directly below the insole that adds extra support, stability, and comfort to the shoe.

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8
Q

What is the outersole?

A

Bottommost part of the sole that comes in contact with the ground

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9
Q

What is the foot bed?

A

Some shoes have an additional removable foot bed inside the shoe, on top of the insole, for added comfort.

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10
Q

What is the shank?

A

Bridge between the heel and the ball area of the shoe. The shanke portion o the shoe may be reinforced with a steel shank, a strip of spring steel between the outersole and insole.

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11
Q

What is a welt?

A

A narrow strip of flat leather that is chain stitched to both the upper and the insole. The outsole then is lock stitched to the welt.

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12
Q

Shoes with a Goodyear welt typically are what?

A

Better than any other type of shoe for metal bracing systems.

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13
Q

Examples of very flexible shoes are what?

A

Littleway and McKay

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14
Q

What is the stitchdown process?

A

The upper is flanged outward and then stitched directly to the outsole.

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15
Q

What is the cement method?

A

The upper is attached to the insole using a strong glue , and the space between the insole and outsole s filled with lightweight material. This is often a shoe athletes used.

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16
Q

What is sliplasting? What shoes usually use this method?

A

The upper is sewn to an insole made of similar material. The outsole then is attached through a cementing process. Many athletic shoes, running shoes and court shoes use this method.

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17
Q

What is injection molding?

A

Shoes are manufactured using a heat-sealing process. They use thermoplastic and liquificing and put it in a mold.

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18
Q

In the American system of shoe sizing, how do women’s and men sizes compare?

A

Women’s shoe sizes are 1 1/2 bigger than men’s.

Ex: Men’s 9= women’s 10.5

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19
Q

An increase in width is how much larger in regards to the interior girth at the ball of the foot?

A

3/16 - 1/4 in

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20
Q

How does the euro scale compare to the American scale of shoe sizing?

A

The euro scale is unisex where each shoe size is 2/3 cm, less than an american full size but more than an american half size.
Ex: US Men’s 9= Size 43

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21
Q

What are the seven basic shoe types?

A 
Boot
Clog
Oxford
Moccasin
Mule
Sandal
Pump
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22
Q

What is a boot?

A

Any footwear that extends proximal to the ankle

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23
Q

What is a clog?

A

A thick, wooden-soled, backless, slip-on shoe

24
Q

What is an oxford?

A

Low-cut shoe fastened with laces

25
Q

What is a moccasin?

A

Oldest form of shoe. Low-vamp loafer, originally made entirely of one piece of leather

26
Q

What is a mule?

A

A backless shoe or slipper with low or no heel.

27
Q

What is a sandal?

A

Shoe with an upper consisting of an arrangement of straps

28
Q

What is a pump?

A

Thin-soled, slip-on shoe with varying heel height.

29
Q

What are in-depth shoes?

A

Shoes designed with an extra 1/4 to 3/8 inch of depth throughout the shoe compared to regular depth shoes.

30
Q

What is a blucher throat opening?

A

Opening with laces that extends all the way to the front of the shoe.

31
Q

Which type of shanks are used for what ankle motion?

A

Free ankle motion uses a regualr shank
A fixed ankle joint uses an extended shank
The shank should be extended and reinforced for a dorsiflexion stop at the ankle.

32
Q

What is a Mild rocker sole?

A

A mild rocker angle at both the heel and toe.

33
Q

What can a mild rocker sole be used for?

A

Reduce pressure under the met heads and assist gait by easing and increasing forward propulsion.
Hallux rigidus
Rigid toe plate

34
Q

What is a heel-to-toe-rocker sole?

A

It is typically thicker and has a more severe rocker angle at both the heel and the toe.

35
Q

What is the heel-to-toe rocker sole designed to do?

A

Aid in propulsion at toe-off and decrease heel-strike forces on the calcaneus, talus, adn tibia, and reduce the need for ankle motion.

36
Q

Which patients benefit from a heel-to-toe rocker?

A

Patients who have undergone an ankle or triple arthrodesis. It can replace motion loss due to a solid AFO.

37
Q

Who is the heel-to-toe rocker contraindicated for?

A

Patients who are experiencing balance and/or proprioception issues.

38
Q

What is the toe-only rocker?

A

It has a significant rocker angle at the toe, with only a very mild rocker angle at the heel. The midstance on this shoe extends all the way to the posterior end of the sole.

39
Q

What is the purpose of the toe-only rocker?

A

increase weight bearing proximal to the metatarsal heads. It provides a stable midstance and reduces the need for toe dorsiflexion on toe-off.

40
Q

What are the indications for the use of a toe-only rocker?

A

Hallux rigidus and metatarsal head ulcers.

Patients with balance and/or proprioception problems.

41
Q

What is the severe-angle rocker sole?

A

Also known as Carville rocker.

Severe rocker angle at the toe and no heel rocker.

42
Q

What is the purpose of the severe rocker sole?

A

Eliminate weight-bearing forces on the forefoot.

43
Q

The severe-angle rocker is contraindicated for what patients?

A

Patients that are experiencing balance and/or proprioception deficits.

44
Q

What is the negative heel rocker sole?

A

Mild heel rocker angle and a significant toe rocker angle. The end result places the patient’s heel at the same height as, or lower than, the ball of the foot in stance.

45
Q

What is the purpose of the negative heel rocker sole?

A

Either accommodate a foot fixed in a dorsiflexed position, or relieve forefoot pressure by shifting the weight-bearing forces to the hindfoot and midfoot.

46
Q

What are contraindications for the negative heel rocker sole?

A 
Achilles contracture
Sever ankle arthritis
Ankle fusion
AFO use. 
It will cause discomfort and imbalance and may increase pressure on the problem areas.
47
Q

What is a double rocker sole?

A

It’s a mild rocker sole which the middle section of the sole has been removed.

48
Q

What is the double rocker sole indicated for?

A

If the midfoot area needs to be unloaded as with charcot midfoot or prominent base of the fifth met head in a cavus foot.

49
Q

What is a flare?

A

An extension, either medially or laterally, of the sole to provide stabilization.

50
Q

What are the indications for a flare?

A

Patient with posttraumatic foot in whom the heel is fixed in varus and the patient feels unstable. A lateral heel flare can be used to decrease the patient’s sensation of rolling laterally.

51
Q

When is a wedge used?

A

To help correct flexible deformities of the hindfoot and/or forefoot.

52
Q

A shoe with a medial wedge has more material where?

A

Under the medial border of the foot than the lateral border.

53
Q

A medial heel wedge can be used to ease the pain of what?

A

Posterior tibial tendonitis

54
Q

A wedge is contraindicated for what?

A

Fixed deformities.

55
Q

What is an elevation used for?

A

Leg length discrepancies.

56
Q

A heel-only elevation is appropriate for accommodating what?

A

A fixed equinus position or alleviating strain on the achilles tendon.

57
Q

How much added height can be put inside the shoe?

A

1/2in

AAOS Atlas of Orthoses and Assitive Devices (40 decks)

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