Chapter 24: Shoes and Shoe modifications Flashcards
What is the toe box?
The part of the shoe that covers the toes
What is the vamp?
The part of the upper that covers the instep
What is the counter?
Section of the shoe anterior to the heel.
What is the tongue?
Piece that covers the dorsum of the foot
What is the throat?
Section where the tongue meets the vamp
What is the insole?
Layer of sole closest to the foot
What is the midsole?
Layer directly below the insole that adds extra support, stability, and comfort to the shoe.
What is the outersole?
Bottommost part of the sole that comes in contact with the ground
What is the foot bed?
Some shoes have an additional removable foot bed inside the shoe, on top of the insole, for added comfort.
What is the shank?
Bridge between the heel and the ball area of the shoe. The shanke portion o the shoe may be reinforced with a steel shank, a strip of spring steel between the outersole and insole.
What is a welt?
A narrow strip of flat leather that is chain stitched to both the upper and the insole. The outsole then is lock stitched to the welt.
Shoes with a Goodyear welt typically are what?
Better than any other type of shoe for metal bracing systems.
Examples of very flexible shoes are what?
Littleway and McKay
What is the stitchdown process?
The upper is flanged outward and then stitched directly to the outsole.
What is the cement method?
The upper is attached to the insole using a strong glue , and the space between the insole and outsole s filled with lightweight material. This is often a shoe athletes used.
What is sliplasting? What shoes usually use this method?
The upper is sewn to an insole made of similar material. The outsole then is attached through a cementing process. Many athletic shoes, running shoes and court shoes use this method.
What is injection molding?
Shoes are manufactured using a heat-sealing process. They use thermoplastic and liquificing and put it in a mold.
In the American system of shoe sizing, how do women’s and men sizes compare?
Women’s shoe sizes are 1 1/2 bigger than men’s.
Ex: Men’s 9= women’s 10.5
An increase in width is how much larger in regards to the interior girth at the ball of the foot?
3/16 - 1/4 in
How does the euro scale compare to the American scale of shoe sizing?
The euro scale is unisex where each shoe size is 2/3 cm, less than an american full size but more than an american half size.
Ex: US Men’s 9= Size 43
What are the seven basic shoe types?
Boot Clog Oxford Moccasin Mule Sandal Pump
What is a boot?
Any footwear that extends proximal to the ankle
What is a clog?
A thick, wooden-soled, backless, slip-on shoe
What is an oxford?
Low-cut shoe fastened with laces
What is a moccasin?
Oldest form of shoe. Low-vamp loafer, originally made entirely of one piece of leather
What is a mule?
A backless shoe or slipper with low or no heel.
What is a sandal?
Shoe with an upper consisting of an arrangement of straps
What is a pump?
Thin-soled, slip-on shoe with varying heel height.
What are in-depth shoes?
Shoes designed with an extra 1/4 to 3/8 inch of depth throughout the shoe compared to regular depth shoes.
What is a blucher throat opening?
Opening with laces that extends all the way to the front of the shoe.
Which type of shanks are used for what ankle motion?
Free ankle motion uses a regualr shank
A fixed ankle joint uses an extended shank
The shank should be extended and reinforced for a dorsiflexion stop at the ankle.
What is a Mild rocker sole?
A mild rocker angle at both the heel and toe.
What can a mild rocker sole be used for?
Reduce pressure under the met heads and assist gait by easing and increasing forward propulsion.
Hallux rigidus
Rigid toe plate
What is a heel-to-toe-rocker sole?
It is typically thicker and has a more severe rocker angle at both the heel and the toe.
What is the heel-to-toe rocker sole designed to do?
Aid in propulsion at toe-off and decrease heel-strike forces on the calcaneus, talus, adn tibia, and reduce the need for ankle motion.
Which patients benefit from a heel-to-toe rocker?
Patients who have undergone an ankle or triple arthrodesis. It can replace motion loss due to a solid AFO.
Who is the heel-to-toe rocker contraindicated for?
Patients who are experiencing balance and/or proprioception issues.
What is the toe-only rocker?
It has a significant rocker angle at the toe, with only a very mild rocker angle at the heel. The midstance on this shoe extends all the way to the posterior end of the sole.
What is the purpose of the toe-only rocker?
increase weight bearing proximal to the metatarsal heads. It provides a stable midstance and reduces the need for toe dorsiflexion on toe-off.
What are the indications for the use of a toe-only rocker?
Hallux rigidus and metatarsal head ulcers.
Patients with balance and/or proprioception problems.
What is the severe-angle rocker sole?
Also known as Carville rocker.
Severe rocker angle at the toe and no heel rocker.
What is the purpose of the severe rocker sole?
Eliminate weight-bearing forces on the forefoot.
The severe-angle rocker is contraindicated for what patients?
Patients that are experiencing balance and/or proprioception deficits.
What is the negative heel rocker sole?
Mild heel rocker angle and a significant toe rocker angle. The end result places the patient’s heel at the same height as, or lower than, the ball of the foot in stance.
What is the purpose of the negative heel rocker sole?
Either accommodate a foot fixed in a dorsiflexed position, or relieve forefoot pressure by shifting the weight-bearing forces to the hindfoot and midfoot.
What are contraindications for the negative heel rocker sole?
Achilles contracture Sever ankle arthritis Ankle fusion AFO use. It will cause discomfort and imbalance and may increase pressure on the problem areas.
What is a double rocker sole?
It’s a mild rocker sole which the middle section of the sole has been removed.
What is the double rocker sole indicated for?
If the midfoot area needs to be unloaded as with charcot midfoot or prominent base of the fifth met head in a cavus foot.
What is a flare?
An extension, either medially or laterally, of the sole to provide stabilization.
What are the indications for a flare?
Patient with posttraumatic foot in whom the heel is fixed in varus and the patient feels unstable. A lateral heel flare can be used to decrease the patient’s sensation of rolling laterally.
When is a wedge used?
To help correct flexible deformities of the hindfoot and/or forefoot.
A shoe with a medial wedge has more material where?
Under the medial border of the foot than the lateral border.
A medial heel wedge can be used to ease the pain of what?
Posterior tibial tendonitis
A wedge is contraindicated for what?
Fixed deformities.
What is an elevation used for?
Leg length discrepancies.
A heel-only elevation is appropriate for accommodating what?
A fixed equinus position or alleviating strain on the achilles tendon.
How much added height can be put inside the shoe?
1/2in
