Chapter 24 - Particle Physics

Question 1

What is the charge and symbol of an up quark?

Answer 1

The charge of an up quark: +2/3

Symbol: u (for up)

Question 2

What is the charge and symbol of a down quark?

Answer 2

The charge of a down quark: -1/3

Symbol: d (for down)

Question 3

What is the charge and symbol of a charm quark?

Answer 3

The charge of a charm quark: +2/3

Symbol: c (for charm)

Question 4

What is the charge and symbol of a strange quark?

Answer 4

The charge of a strange quark: -1/3

Symbol: s (for strange)

Question 5

What is the charge and symbol of a top quark?

Answer 5

The charge of a top quark: +2/3

Symbol: t (for top)

Question 6

What is the charge and symbol of a bottom or beauty quark?

Answer 6

The charge of a bottom/beauty quark: -1/3

Symbol: b (for bottom/beauty)

Question 7

What is the radius of a typical atom?

Answer 7

An atom typically has a radius of 10⁻¹⁰ metres.

Question 8

What is the radius of a typical nucleus?

Answer 8

A nucleus typically has a radius of 10⁻¹⁵ metres.

Question 9

How do you calculate the radii of a nucleus using de Broglie wavelength?

Answer 9

The radius of a nucleus is given by the equation:

R = r₀A^⅓

Where R is the radius of nucleus, r₀ is the radius of a proton (1.2 x 10⁻¹⁵m), and A is the nucleon number of a nucleus.

Question 10

Fully Define Hadrons.

Answer 10

Hadrons:

• are particles and antiparticles that are affected the strong nuclear force.
• Examples are protons, neutrons, and mesons.
• if charged, also experience the electromagnetic force.
• decay by the weak nuclear force.

Question 11

Fully define Leptons.

Answer 11

Leptons:

• are particles and antiparticles that are not affected by the strong nuclear force.
• they experience the weak nuclear force.
• Examples include: electrons, neutrinos, and muons.
• if charged, also experience the electromagnetic force.