Chapter 19 - Stars Flashcards
Define nebulae.
Nebulae are massive clouds of dust and mostly hydrogen gas, which become the elements that form a star.
How are stars born?
- A nebula is formed over millions of years.
- The dust and gas get closer until a gravitational collapse, becoming denser and hotter (transfer from GE to Thermal Energy).
- A protostar forms within the clouds, a very hot sphere of dust and gas.
- Once the protostar forms, nuclear fusion happens after it is dense and hot enough to overcome electrostatic repulsion.
How is equilibrium achieved in a stable star?
- Outwards pressure from the core is achieved by radiation pressure from the photon generation during fusion and gass pressure from the nuclei in the core.
- Inwards pressure is caused by gravitational forces.
Define a planet.
Define a dwarf planets.
Define Asteroids.
Define Planetary Satelllites.
Define comets.
Define Solar Systems.
Define Galaxies.
How much is a Solar Mass, M☉, approximately?
A solar mass is about 1.99 x 10³⁰ Kg.
What size of star will turn into a red giant?
Describe a red giant.
What is the phase after a red giant?
Define electron degeneracy pressure.
What is the Chandrasekhar limit?
Define a neutron star.
Define a black hole.
What is the Schwarzschild radius.
Describe a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
What are the 4 rules about energy levels of an electron?
What is it called when an electron moves from a lower to a higher energy level?
How do you find the frequency of a photon, when an electron jumps a valency?
Define each of the three spectra.
Define a diffraction grating.
What can be used instead of a double slit for spectral analysis?
How do you determine the wavelength of monochromatic light?
What is a black body?
What is Wien’s Displacement Law?
What is Stefan’s Law?
