Chapter 24 - HAZMAT Flashcards
The 4 step response model, APIE stands for ….
Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate
True or false?
Hazmat can present a variety of dangers, sometimes in small quantities
True
At a hazmat incident, what should you try to do as soon as possible:
(very broad I know but it says in the book)
Identify the materials physical state
(gas, liquid or solid)
What are the 3 types of health effects HAZMAT can have on a person?
Acute, Chronic or Delayed
Getting sprayed in the ears by a substance would be what route of entry?
- Inhalation
-Injection
-Ingestion
-Absorption
Absorption
True or false
One chemical can have more than one route of entry
True!
Example: Toluene can irritate the skin and get in through absorption or release fumes and affect through inhalation
Which choice is not a mechanism of harm?
A. Corrosivity
B. Electrical
C. Toxicity
D. Energy release
B. Electrical
Chemical or biological substances that cause damage (illness,sickness or injury) on a molecular level are called _____
Toxic
What are the 6 types of energy release at HAZMAT incidents:
Heat (Cold can also complicate decon)
Mechanical energy
Pressure
Electricity
Chemical
Radiation
Energy that is emitted as particles or waves is know as:
Radiation
Expanding gases can be dangerous because they________
displace oxygen and can create an asphyxiating atmosphere
Chemical energy hazards can have a violent reaction when exposed to …?
Water
Having diarrhea or vomiting is chronic or acute ?
Acute
Associate initial isolated distances with involved products of state matter:
Solids, Liquids, Gases
330ft, 75ft, 150ft
Solids - 75ft
Liquids - 150ft
Gases - 330ft
True or false?
A gas may have no smell, taste or colour
True
What numbers on warning placards correspond to the breathing hazard and contact hazards
Contact: 8
Inhalation: 6
When approaching a hazardous scene, you wanna be
up___
up___
up____
Uphill
Upwind
Upstream
What is the unit of measure used for solid particle sizes?
Micron
What are some physical properties that help characterize materials:
(there’s 8)
Vapor pressure
Boiling point
Melting point (freezing, sublimation)
Vapor density
Solubility
Specific gravity
Persistence
Appearance and odor
Explain BLEVE?
Liquid in a container is heated to boil point and the increase in internal is so strong that the container fails CATASTROPHICALLY
Also called violent rupture
If a vapour has a density of 1.8, will it sink or rise?
Sink
What’s the acronym to remember all the gases with a density less than 1.0
4H Medic Anna
Partially water-soluble chemicals can cause what if ingested?
Breathing difficulties, pulmonary oedema, coughing blood
Define solubility and miscibility?
Solubility: Percentage of a material that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature
Miscibility: Describes the ability of two or more gases or liquids to mix or dissolve into each other
Persistence is a chemicals ability to _____ in the environment
Remain
The measure of thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given temperature is known as:
Viscosity (hotter a liquid is, the more it will flow)
Where would you be able to find a description of a materials physical state, or odour and colour?
The SDS (safety data sheet)
True or false?
Never use odours to determine if an area is safe or unsafe
TRUE
Describe what is a flash point
Minimum temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off sufficient vapours at its LEL (lower explosive limit) to form an ignitible mixture with air
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RoAEmsVxrw
What is it called when a substance is heated up enough that is spontaneously combusts?
Auto-ignition temperature
T of F
A flammable gas having a lower flash point means they are flammable almost all the time
True
Know the definition of polymerization
A chemical reaction in which simple molecules combine to form long chain molecules
T or F
Inhibitors are materials that do not polymerize easily and create and undesired reaction
FALSE
They polymerize easily and control reactions
Which one is the dangerous type of radiation?
Iodizing radiation or non-iodizing radiation
Iodizing radiation
What are the 4 types of ionizing (damageable) radiations?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron
Beta radiation can be stopped by ______ and does not go through ______
Clothing
Aluminium
Is the body better equipped to deal with acute or chronic radiation?
Chronic, the body has enough time to replace damaged cells with healthy ones
What are the three protection factors for responders during a radiation call?
Time, distance and shielding
What is the sequence of a hazmat incident?
- Stress
- Breach
- Release
- Dispersion
- Exposure
- Harm
Of the hazmat incident sequence (stress, breach, release, dispersion, exposure, harm) ; which step is this:
-This occurs as the hazardous material inside the container and any stored energy releases and move away from the container.
Dispersion
Acid or base?
A chemical that ionizes (dissociates) to yield ions in the water
Acid
What are the three sides to the reactivity triangle?
- Oxidizing agent
- Activation fuel (heat, shock, radiation, light)
- Reducing agent (fuel)
Which biological hazard has specialized bacteria that live and multiply in the gastro-intestinal tract of arthropod carriers?
(ticks and fleas)
Rickettsias
*spread only through bite)
A BLEVE is most common with which type of breaching?
a. Disintegration
b. Runaway cracking
c.Attachments
d. Puncture
e. Split or tear
b. Runaway cracking exam
A BLEVE is most common with which type of release?
a.Detonation
b. Spill
c. Violent rupture
d. Rapid relief
c. Violent rupture
What are the 7 clues for presence hazardous materials
-Occupancy type, location
-Container shape
-Placards and labels
-Markings and colours
-Written sources
-Senses
-Monitering devices
An irregularly shaped pattern of airborne hazmat where wind and topography influence the downrange course from the point of release is known as:
Plume
Of these three release patterns, which one is cause by BLEVE?
A. Stream
B. Cone
C. Plume
B. Cone
What are the three possible stressors during a hazmat incident:
Chemical - Release corrosive gases can cause pressure
Mechanical - Accidents can cause stress to the fittings
Thermal - exposure to heat or flame can cause to BLEVE
Acid or base?
A water-soluble compound that chemically dissociates in the water to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion
Base
What are the 4 levels of PPE
A
B
C
D
What represents Level D PPE?
No respiratory or splash protection (regular fit)
What represents Level C PPE?
Some respiratory (involves a form a respirator) and splash protection
What represent Level B PPE?
Highest respiratory protection and good splash protection (neck and wrists is probably still exposed)
What represents Level A PPE?
High resistance to splash, vapours (fully encapsulated) and highest respiratory protection
