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FIRE 2024-08 cards > Chapter 24 - HAZMAT > Flashcards

Chapter 24 - HAZMAT Flashcards

1
Q

The 4 step response model, APIE stands for ….

A

Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

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2
Q

True or false?
Hazmat can present a variety of dangers, sometimes in small quantities

A

True

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3
Q

At a hazmat incident, what should you try to do as soon as possible:
(very broad I know but it says in the book)

A

Identify the materials physical state
(gas, liquid or solid)

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of health effects HAZMAT can have on a person?

A

Acute, Chronic or Delayed

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5
Q

Getting sprayed in the ears by a substance would be what route of entry?
- Inhalation
-Injection
-Ingestion
-Absorption

A

Absorption

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6
Q

True or false
One chemical can have more than one route of entry

A

True!
Example: Toluene can irritate the skin and get in through absorption or release fumes and affect through inhalation

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7
Q

Which choice is not a mechanism of harm?
A. Corrosivity
B. Electrical
C. Toxicity
D. Energy release

A

B. Electrical

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8
Q

Chemical or biological substances that cause damage (illness,sickness or injury) on a molecular level are called _____

A

Toxic

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9
Q

What are the 6 types of energy release at HAZMAT incidents:

A

Heat (Cold can also complicate decon)
Mechanical energy
Pressure
Electricity
Chemical
Radiation

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10
Q

Energy that is emitted as particles or waves is know as:

A

Radiation

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11
Q

Expanding gases can be dangerous because they________

A

displace oxygen and can create an asphyxiating atmosphere

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12
Q

Chemical energy hazards can have a violent reaction when exposed to …?

A

Water

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13
Q

Having diarrhea or vomiting is chronic or acute ?

A

Acute

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14
Q

Associate initial isolated distances with involved products of state matter:

Solids, Liquids, Gases
330ft, 75ft, 150ft

A

Solids - 75ft
Liquids - 150ft
Gases - 330ft

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15
Q

True or false?
A gas may have no smell, taste or colour

A

True

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16
Q

What numbers on warning placards correspond to the breathing hazard and contact hazards

A

Contact: 8
Inhalation: 6

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17
Q

When approaching a hazardous scene, you wanna be
up___
up___
up____

A

Uphill
Upwind
Upstream

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18
Q

What is the unit of measure used for solid particle sizes?

A

Micron

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19
Q

What are some physical properties that help characterize materials:
(there’s 8)

A

Vapor pressure
Boiling point
Melting point (freezing, sublimation)
Vapor density
Solubility
Specific gravity
Persistence
Appearance and odor

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20
Q

Explain BLEVE?

A

Liquid in a container is heated to boil point and the increase in internal is so strong that the container fails CATASTROPHICALLY
Also called violent rupture

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21
Q

If a vapour has a density of 1.8, will it sink or rise?

A

Sink

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22
Q

What’s the acronym to remember all the gases with a density less than 1.0

A

4H Medic Anna

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23
Q

Partially water-soluble chemicals can cause what if ingested?

A

Breathing difficulties, pulmonary oedema, coughing blood

24
Q

Define solubility and miscibility?

A

Solubility: Percentage of a material that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature
Miscibility: Describes the ability of two or more gases or liquids to mix or dissolve into each other

25
Q

Persistence is a chemicals ability to _____ in the environment

A

Remain

26
Q

The measure of thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given temperature is known as:

A

Viscosity (hotter a liquid is, the more it will flow)

27
Q

Where would you be able to find a description of a materials physical state, or odour and colour?

A

The SDS (safety data sheet)

28
Q

True or false?
Never use odours to determine if an area is safe or unsafe

A

TRUE

29
Q

Describe what is a flash point

A

Minimum temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off sufficient vapours at its LEL (lower explosive limit) to form an ignitible mixture with air
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RoAEmsVxrw

30
Q

What is it called when a substance is heated up enough that is spontaneously combusts?

A

Auto-ignition temperature

31
Q

T of F
A flammable gas having a lower flash point means they are flammable almost all the time

A

True

32
Q

Know the definition of polymerization

A

A chemical reaction in which simple molecules combine to form long chain molecules

33
Q

T or F
Inhibitors are materials that do not polymerize easily and create and undesired reaction

A

FALSE
They polymerize easily and control reactions

34
Q

Which one is the dangerous type of radiation?
Iodizing radiation or non-iodizing radiation

A

Iodizing radiation

35
Q

What are the 4 types of ionizing (damageable) radiations?

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron

36
Q

Beta radiation can be stopped by ______ and does not go through ______

A

Clothing
Aluminium

37
Q

Is the body better equipped to deal with acute or chronic radiation?

A

Chronic, the body has enough time to replace damaged cells with healthy ones

38
Q

What are the three protection factors for responders during a radiation call?

A

Time, distance and shielding

39
Q

What is the sequence of a hazmat incident?

A
  1. Stress
  2. Breach
  3. Release
  4. Dispersion
  5. Exposure
  6. Harm
40
Q

Of the hazmat incident sequence (stress, breach, release, dispersion, exposure, harm) ; which step is this:
-This occurs as the hazardous material inside the container and any stored energy releases and move away from the container.

A

Dispersion

41
Q

Acid or base?
A chemical that ionizes (dissociates) to yield ions in the water

A

Acid

42
Q

What are the three sides to the reactivity triangle?

A
  • Oxidizing agent
  • Activation fuel (heat, shock, radiation, light)
  • Reducing agent (fuel)
43
Q

Which biological hazard has specialized bacteria that live and multiply in the gastro-intestinal tract of arthropod carriers?
(ticks and fleas)

A

Rickettsias
*spread only through bite)

44
Q

A BLEVE is most common with which type of breaching?
a. Disintegration
b. Runaway cracking
c.Attachments
d. Puncture
e. Split or tear

A

b. Runaway cracking exam

45
Q

A BLEVE is most common with which type of release?
a.Detonation
b. Spill
c. Violent rupture
d. Rapid relief

A

c. Violent rupture

46
Q

What are the 7 clues for presence hazardous materials

A

-Occupancy type, location
-Container shape
-Placards and labels
-Markings and colours
-Written sources
-Senses
-Monitering devices

47
Q

An irregularly shaped pattern of airborne hazmat where wind and topography influence the downrange course from the point of release is known as:

A

Plume

48
Q

Of these three release patterns, which one is cause by BLEVE?
A. Stream
B. Cone
C. Plume

A

B. Cone

49
Q

What are the three possible stressors during a hazmat incident:

A

Chemical - Release corrosive gases can cause pressure
Mechanical - Accidents can cause stress to the fittings
Thermal - exposure to heat or flame can cause to BLEVE

50
Q

Acid or base?
A water-soluble compound that chemically dissociates in the water to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion

A

Base

51
Q

What are the 4 levels of PPE

A

A
B
C
D

52
Q

What represents Level D PPE?

A

No respiratory or splash protection (regular fit)

53
Q

What represents Level C PPE?

A

Some respiratory (involves a form a respirator) and splash protection

54
Q

What represent Level B PPE?

A

Highest respiratory protection and good splash protection (neck and wrists is probably still exposed)

55
Q

What represents Level A PPE?

A

High resistance to splash, vapours (fully encapsulated) and highest respiratory protection

FIRE 2024-08 cards (21 decks)

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