Chapter 24 Flashcards
What is preload
Filling and stretching of the ventricles
What is after load
The pressure to pump against
What delivers oxygen to the heart
The coronary artery
What is angina pectoris
Chest pain
What causes angina pectoris
Insufficient oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
What 3 things increase myocardial oxygen demand
Exercise
Stress
Caffeine
What is ischemia
Poor blood supply to an organ
What is ischemic heart disease
Poor blood supply to the heart muscle
What is a myocardial infarction
Necrosis or cell death of the cardiac tissue
What is stable angina
Angina that stops with rest
What is unstable angina
Occurs even with rest
What are some symptoms of angina
Pain in chest
Pain radiating down arm
Pressure tightness or squeezing
Numbness
How long does stable angina usually last
5 minutes
How long does unstable angina last
Up to 30 mins. May be followed by MI
What should someone do first if they have chest pain
Stop what they are doing. Sit or lie down
What is the goal of angina meds
Decrease oxygen demand increase oxygen supply
What do nitrites do
Decrease preload and after load
What do beta blockers do
Slow HR to decrease oxygen demand, decreases contractility
What do calcium channel blockers do
Cause vascular relaxation, less pumping force
When would IV nitrites be given
In emergency with high BP
What vital sign needs to be taken before giving nitroglycerin
BP
How many sprays of nitroglycerin can be given
3 sprays. Take BP between each spray
Which angina drug has to be replaced often due to expiry
Nitroglycerin
Why does nitroglycerin come in a red bottle
Light sensitive
How long does it take for nitroglycerin to work
2 mins
Nitrates can cause which adverse effect that usually goes away with continued use
Headache
Why do nitrates cause reflex tachycardia
Body compensates for low BP by increasing HR
Nitrate tolerance occurs when
Taking around the clock
Long acting forms
How to prevent nitrate tolerance
Take breaks from medication
Do not give nitrates with what drugs because it will further drop BP
Erectile dysfunction drugs
What do beta blockers do
Decrease oxygen demand
Which angina med blocks catecholamines from irritating heart after MI
Beta blockers
Grapefruit juice impairs metabolism of what angina med
Calcium channel blockers
IV nitroglycerin has to be given with what kind of IV tubing
Polyvinyl chloride to prevent breakdown into cyanide
