Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is preload

A

Filling and stretching of the ventricles

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2
Q

What is after load

A

The pressure to pump against

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3
Q

What delivers oxygen to the heart

A

The coronary artery

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4
Q

What is angina pectoris

A

Chest pain

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5
Q

What causes angina pectoris

A

Insufficient oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

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6
Q

What 3 things increase myocardial oxygen demand

A

Exercise
Stress
Caffeine

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7
Q

What is ischemia

A

Poor blood supply to an organ

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8
Q

What is ischemic heart disease

A

Poor blood supply to the heart muscle

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9
Q

What is a myocardial infarction

A

Necrosis or cell death of the cardiac tissue

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10
Q

What is stable angina

A

Angina that stops with rest

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11
Q

What is unstable angina

A

Occurs even with rest

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of angina

A

Pain in chest
Pain radiating down arm
Pressure tightness or squeezing
Numbness

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13
Q

How long does stable angina usually last

A

5 minutes

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14
Q

How long does unstable angina last

A

Up to 30 mins. May be followed by MI

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15
Q

What should someone do first if they have chest pain

A

Stop what they are doing. Sit or lie down

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16
Q

What is the goal of angina meds

A

Decrease oxygen demand increase oxygen supply

17
Q

What do nitrites do

A

Decrease preload and after load

18
Q

What do beta blockers do

A

Slow HR to decrease oxygen demand, decreases contractility

19
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do

A

Cause vascular relaxation, less pumping force

20
Q

When would IV nitrites be given

A

In emergency with high BP

21
Q

What vital sign needs to be taken before giving nitroglycerin

22
Q

How many sprays of nitroglycerin can be given

A

3 sprays. Take BP between each spray

23
Q

Which angina drug has to be replaced often due to expiry

A

Nitroglycerin

24
Q

Why does nitroglycerin come in a red bottle

A

Light sensitive

25
How long does it take for nitroglycerin to work
2 mins
26
Nitrates can cause which adverse effect that usually goes away with continued use
Headache
27
Why do nitrates cause reflex tachycardia
Body compensates for low BP by increasing HR
28
Nitrate tolerance occurs when
Taking around the clock Long acting forms
29
How to prevent nitrate tolerance
Take breaks from medication
30
Do not give nitrates with what drugs because it will further drop BP
Erectile dysfunction drugs
31
What do beta blockers do
Decrease oxygen demand
32
Which angina med blocks catecholamines from irritating heart after MI
Beta blockers
33
Grapefruit juice impairs metabolism of what angina med
Calcium channel blockers
34
IV nitroglycerin has to be given with what kind of IV tubing
Polyvinyl chloride to prevent breakdown into cyanide