Chapter 24 Flashcards
How does acculturation differ from diffusion, or cultural borrowing?
It requires firsthand contact.
________ refers to the rapid spread or advance of one culture at the expense of others, or its imposition on other cultures.
Cultural imperialism
How much of global warming is caused by human activities versus natural climate variability? On this issue, most scientists agree that the causes are mainly
anthropogenic.
Unlike indigenous peoples, the term ________ highlights the prominence that the exclusion of strangers has assumed in day-to-day politics worldwide and has been claimed by majority groups in Europe.
autochthony
________ is any society’s set of environmental practices and perceptions—that is, its cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society.
Ethnoecology
The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that keeps the earth’s surface warm. Without greenhouse gases—water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and ozone—life as we know it wouldn’t exist. The current problem is that
the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has reached its highest level in hundreds of thousands of years and will continue to rise, as will global temperatures, without actions to slow it down.
Scientists prefer the term climate change to global warming. Climate change points out that, beyond rising temperatures, there have been changes in sea levels, precipitation, storms, and ecosystem effects.
true
Deforestation helps cool the planet by allowing more sunlight to be reflected back into space.
true
Which is the single greatest obstacle to slowing climate change?
meeting energy needs, particularly in energy-hungry countries such as the United States, China, and India
Diseases that spread from animals to humans are known as zoonotic diseases.
true
Cultural ecology or ecological anthropology
focused on how cultural beliefs and practices help human populations adapt to their environment.
Essentialism refers to the process of viewing an identity as established, real, and frozen, so as to hide the historical processes and politics within which that identity developed.
true
Today’s ecological anthropology, also known as environmental anthropology, attempts not only to understand environmental problems but also to
find solutions, acknowledging that ecosystems management involves multiple levels.
Westernization is a form of what kind of cultural change?
acculturation
Deforestation is a global concern. Forest loss can lead to increased greenhouse gas production, which contributes to global warming. The destruction of tropical forests is also a major factor in the loss of global biodiversity. The global scenarios of deforestation include all of the following EXCEPT
the intensification of foraging lifestyles among communities that have retreated from the chaos of modern life.
