Chapter 22

Question 1

What is the term for the study of the music of the world and of music as an aspect of culture?

Answer 1

ethnomusicology

Question 2

Because music is a cultural universal and musical abilities seem to run in families,

Answer 2

it has been suggested that the predisposition for music may have a genetic basis.

Question 3

Found in a cave in Slovenia, the oldest known musical instrument, the “Divje babe flute,” dates back more than

Answer 3

43,000 years.

Question 4

Folk art, folk music, and folklore refer to the

Answer 4

expressive cultures of ordinary people.

Question 5

For the women of Planinica, a Muslim village in prewar Bosnia, singing signaled

Answer 5

a series of transitions between life stages.

Question 6

Actors, musicians, and dancers (who are artisans themselves)

Answer 6

function as intermediaries who translate the works and ideas of other artists.

Question 7

Art can often lead to an intense emotional release, also referred to as

Answer 7

catharsis.

Question 8

________ is synonymous with the arts.

Answer 8

Expressive culture

Question 9

Appreciation for the arts must be learned, this being part of the process of

Answer 9

enculturation.

Question 10

In nonindustrial societies, artists

Answer 10

tend to be part-time.

Question 11

In a study assessing the effects of television on behavior, attitudes, and values, Conrad Kottak and a team of researchers found that

Answer 11

Brazilian people’s ideas about proper family size are influenced as they see, day after day, nuclear families smaller than the traditional ones in their town.

Question 12

Anthropologists have an interest in sports because, as the media’s illustrations of U.S. football suggest,

Answer 12

sports can symbolize certain key aspects of the culture in which they are highly popular.

Question 13

Susan Montague and Robert Morais (1981) argue that Americans appreciate football because it presents a miniaturized and simplified version of modern organizations. These researchers

Answer 13

link football’s values, particularly teamwork, to those associated with business.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between art and religion?

Answer 14

Art is produced for religious purposes as well as for its aesthetic value.

Question 15

What kind of society most likely has buildings dedicated to the arts?

Answer 15

state

Question 16

In Western societies, the standards for artistic completeness and mastery are maintained in large part by critics, specialists, and experts.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Music is one of the most social kinds of artistic expression.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Winning in team sports is more highly prized as a cultural value in Brazil than in the United States.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

The media offer a rich web of external connections—through cable, satellite, the Internet, television, movies, radio, telephones, print, and other sources—that can provide contact, information, entertainment, and potential social validation.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

In an example of how definitions of art change through time and space, this chapter describes how French impressionism, currently widely esteemed as exceptional art, was initially

Answer 20

criticized for being too sketchy and spontaneous to be considered art.