Chapter 18

Question 1

Why should the numbers from Kinsey’s research be considered merely illustrative, rather than statistically accurate?

Answer 1

a reliance on nonrandom samples

Question 2

More than half the poor children living in the United States live in families that are

Answer 2

headed by women.

Question 3

In which type of society would you expect women’s status to be highest?

Answer 3

hunters and gatherers

Question 4

With the term sex, anthropologists are referring to biological differences. In contrast, they define gender as

Answer 4

the cultural construction of whether one is female, male, or something else.

Question 5

Recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrate that

Answer 5

the relative status of women is variable, depending on such factors as the type of subsistence strategy employed, and the importance of warfare.

Question 6

Transgender is a social category that

Answer 6

includes people whose gender identity has no apparent biological roots.

Question 7

Intersex (a group of conditions involving discrepancy between external genitals and internal genitals) can have a variety of chromosomal causes that create a sex-gender difference.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

The specific roles assigned to each gender vary from culture to culture.

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Gender roles are the instinctual behaviors that are the exclusive domain of each sex

Answer 9

false

Question 10

Cross-culturally, women’s roles tend to be focused on activities associated with the home, while men are more active in the public domain.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Cross-culturally, the subsistence contributions of men and women are roughly equal.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Adding together men’s and women’s subsistence activities and their domestic work, men tend to work more hours than women do.

Answer 12

false

Question 13

In the United States, attitudes regarding the role of women in the workplace have varied according to economic needs.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

In the United States today, more than 40 percent of mothers are the primary or sole source of income in their homes.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

The feminization of poverty refers to the increasing representation of women (and their children) among America’s poorest people.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Flexibility in sexual expression seems to be an aspect of our primate heritage

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Ethnographic evidence has revealed that traditionally, Pawnee women worked wood, and among the Hidatsa, women made boats. Cases such as these suggest that

Answer 17

patterns of division of labor by gender are culturally general—not universal.

Question 18

Gender studies (as an important subfield of anthropology) is the field of research that investigates who we are as men and women. It also investigates how gender categories intersect with other aspects of human culture, such as sexuality, health, family, religion, economics, politics, sports, and more.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

As children grow up, they learn what kinds of behavior are perceived as masculine and feminine.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Sex refers to the biological differences between the male and female.

Answer 20

true