Chapter 23

Question 1

According to Karl Marx, classes are

Answer 1

powerful collective forces that could mobilize human energies to influence the course of history.

Question 2

According to Weber, what are the three dimensions of social stratification?

Answer 2

wealth, power, and prestige

Question 3

What is the name of the political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time?

Answer 3

colonialism

Question 4

What term refers to the ideological justification for outsiders to guide native groups in specific directions?

Answer 4

intervention philosophy

Question 5

What best characterizes the intervention philosophy of the British empire?

Answer 5

white man’s burden

Question 6

What best typifies the intervention philosophy of the French empire?

Answer 6

mission civilisatrice

Question 7

In anthropology, history, and literature, the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s. Postcolonial refers to

Answer 7

the study of the interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized.

Question 8

Neoliberalism is a new form of the old economic liberalism laid out in Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations (1776). To Smith, economic liberalism encouraged free enterprise and competition, with the goal of generating profits. However, this meaning of liberal

Answer 8

is different from the one typically used in current U.S. politics, in which liberal is the opposite of conservative.

Question 9

The labels First World, Second World, and Third World represent a common, if ethnocentric, way of categorizing nations. First World refers to the democratic West, which is traditionally conceived of as being in opposition to a Second World ruled by

Answer 9

Communism.

Question 10

Communism has two meanings, distinguished by how they are written. Small- c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good. Large- C Communism

Answer 10

was a political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union (the USSR) from 1917 to 1991.

Question 11

________ is the term for the physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder, warfare, and introduced diseases.

Answer 11

Genocide

Question 12

What term refers to wealth or resources invested in business with the intent of producing a profit?

Answer 12

capital

Question 13

According to Wallerstein, the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and frontier.

Answer 13

false

Question 14

Trade and other economic relations between core and periphery disproportionately benefit capitalists in the core.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

When deciding where to locate polluting facilities, industries typically target minority and low-income neighborhoods.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

According to Marx, the bourgeoisie is made up of the people who must sell their labor to survive.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Mass production gave rise to a culture of consumption, which has become global in scope.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

The British and French colonial intervention philosophies were both racist ideologies used to justify the colonial efforts of their respective countries.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Many of the political, linguistic, religious, and economic distinctions among the countries of West Africa today are artifacts of colonialism.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

The growth of a market for sugar in Europe spurred

Answer 20

the development of a transatlantic slave trade.