Chapter 23 Test Flashcards
Barium Sulfate:
a.) is filtered by the kidneys
b.) is absorbed by the stomach
c.) coats the gastrointestinal lining
d.) is absorbed by the jejunum
c.) coats the gastrointestinal lining
Contrast media used in diagnostic radiology are considered:
a.) dyes
b.) diagnostic agents
c.) all radiopaque
d.) all radiolucent
b.) diagnostic agents
Barium sulfate forms a suspension when mixed with water and is considered to be radiopaque.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
What is the principal route for elimination of most aqueous non-ionic contrast agents?
a.) GI Tract
b.) respiratory system
c.) urinary tract
d.) biliary tract
c.) urinary tract
High osmolality of a contrast medium is related to adverse reactions.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
Examples of an non-ionic contrast media are:
1.) sodium meglumine
2.) lopamidol
3.) iohexal
a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
After a UGI series or a barium enema, a catheter may be ordered to promote:
a.) absorbtion of barium
b.) elimination of barium
c.) dilution of barium
d.) chemical breakdown of barium
b.) elimination of barium
Most common side effect of the use of barium sulfate contrast media is:
a.) nausea
b.) dyspnea
c.) urticaria
d.) constipation
d.) constipation
Severe facial and laryngeal edema are among the most serious complications resulting from allergic reactions to:
1.) latex
2.) iodinated contrast media
3.) laundry products
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
Positron emission tomography agents are formed in a cyclotron and have a very long half-lives.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
Radiopaque contrast media:
a.) are positive contrast agents
b.) appear light on radiographs
c.) are composed of elements with high atomic numbers
d.) all of the above
d.) all of the above
Barium sulfate is soluble in water.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
Dietary restrictions and other patient preperations are normally required prior to the radiographic examination of the:
1.) esophagus
2.) bililary tract
3.) skull
a.) 1 only
b.) 1 and 2
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2
A moderate allergic reaction to contrast media is:
a.) urticaria
b.) metallic taste in the mouth
c.) bronchospasm
d.) cyanosis
a.) urticaria
A patient is scheduled for a small bowel series (SB), intravenous urogram (IVU), and a lumbar spine (LS). The proper sequence of these exams are:
a.) SB, IVU, LS
b.) IVU, LS, SB
c.) SB, LS, IVU
d.) LS, IVU, SB
d.) LS, IVU, SB
Oil based iodine contrast media are used for each of the following except:
a.) dacryocystography
b.) bronchography
c.) lymphography
d.) myelography
d.) myelography
Which of the following is the most common route that gastrointestinal disorders are spread:
a.) contaminated food or water
b.) airborne contamination
c.) vector transmission
d.) direct contact
a.) contaminated food or water
Adding two teaspoons of salt per liter of water used in an enema preperation may prevent:
a.) hypoxia
b.) hyponatremia
c.) hypervolemia
d.) hyperpnea
c.) hypervolemia
Barium sulfate can dry in the colon and cause an obstruction.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
Ionic contrast media dissassociate into two molecular particles in blood plasma.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
The type and severity of complication assiciated with contrast media administration are related to:
1.) route of administration
2.) amount of contrast used
3.) sensitivity of the patient
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
After oral or rectal barium examination in elderly patients, cathartics may be used to prevent:
a.) excessive dehydration from diarrhea
b.) absorption of barium into the bloodstream from causin septicemia
c.) electroltye imbalance from diahhrea
d.) constipation or rectal impaction
d.) constipation or rectal impaction
Myelography most commonly uses __________ contrast media.
a.) ionic
b.) nonionic
c.) nonionic and ionic
d.) neither ionic or nonionic
b.) nonionic
Allergic reactions may occur using a barium enema procedure because of:
1.) senstitivity to barium
2.) preservatives added to the solution
3.) latex used in retention catheters
a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
Which of the following is an effective method for reducing the viscosity of contrast media?
a.) refridgerating prior to administration
b.) shaking vigourously prior to administration
c.) warming prior to administration
d.) storing at room temperature at low humidity
c.) warming prior to administration
What type of contrast agents do not disassociate into charged particles when placed in a solution is called:
a.) anaphalactic agents
b.) miscible agents
c.) non-ionic agents
d.) ionic agents
c.) non-ionic agents
Radiopharmaceuticals are administered in which of the following ways?
a.) gas
b.) liquid
c.) solid
d.) a and c
e.) all of the above
e.) all of the above
Injection of an ionic contrast medium may lead to artierial expansion.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
The benzene ring is associated with the:
a.) anion
b.) cation
c.) positive charge
d.) none of the above
a.) anion
A patient is scheduled for UGI and Small bowel series. Which type of contrast media has contradictions when a patient has a perforated colon?
a.) water soluble
b.) barium sulfate
c.) gastrographin
d.) dizoate meglumine
b.) barium sulfate
Intrathecal contrast media may be administered in which position?
a.) lithotomy
b.) fowlers
c.) supine
d.) seated and bent forward
d.) seated and bent forward
What is the principal disadvantage for the use of non-ionic contrast agents?
a.) lower miscibility
b.) high cost
c.) lower toxicity
d.) high iodine concentration
b.) high cost
Patient preperation for an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series should include:
1.) no smoking
2.) no chewing gum
3.) NPO after midnight prior to examination
a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
An air embolus can form as a complication of negative contrast media administration.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
Elements with a high atomic number absorb x rays faster than elements with a low atomic number.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
Oil based iodine contrast media are made from:
a.) fatty acids
b.) carbohydrates
c.) amino acids
d.) none of the above
a.) fatty acids
If a patient is scheduled for a BE, OCG and UGI. What order should these procedures be done in?
a.) be, ocg, ugi
b.) ugi, be, ocg
c.) ocg, ugi, be
d.) ocg, be, ugi
d.) ocg, be, ugi
A patient develops hives several minutes after a radiographic contrast media is injected. Which drug may be given to counteract this reaction?
a.) antihistamine
b.) analgesic
c.) anti inflammatory
d.) antibiotic
a.) antihistamine
When an intravenous needle infiltrates, fluid escapes into surrounding tissues is known as:
a.) emasculation
b.) extravasation
c.) immobilization
d.) exacerbation
b.) extravasation
For a barium examination the enema tip should be inserted ____________ inches into the rectum.
a.) 3 to 4 inches
b.) 1 to 2 inches
c.) 5 to 6 inches
d.) 7 to 8 inches
a.) 3 to 4 inches
The amount of time contrast remains in the body is called:
a.) pesistance
b.) opacity
c.) miscobility
d.) toxicity
a.) pesistance
For proper renal function, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are often checked. What is the normal BUN range?
a.) 0.6 to 1.5 mg/100ml
b.) 2.5 to 7 mg/100ml
c.) 8 to 23 mg/100ml
d.) 25 to 50 mg/100ml
c.) 8 to 23 mg/100ml
Serious complication that is associated with intravenous administration of a water based iodinated contrast is:
1.) hives
2.) itching
3.) pulmonary emboli
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 3
d.) 3
Osmalility is a measure of:
a.) the number of iodine atoms per molecule
b.) particle density
c.) the total number of particles in solution
d.) none of the above
c.) the total number of particles in solution
Xray attenuation properties of contrast media are primarily controlled by its:
a.) effective atomic number
b.) average valence state
c.) solution concentration
d.) solution viscosity
a.) effective atomic number
What type of contrast medium used with infants who have swallowing disorders and adults who have suspected bronchophageal fistulae?
a.) water based iodine
b.) water based agent
c.) suspension agent
d.) osmalility agent
b.) water based agent
Radiolucent contrast media are also called positive contrast agents.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
Radiolucent contrast media:
a.) are positive contrast agents
b.) appear dark on radiographs
c.) are composed of elements with high atomic numbers
d.) none of the above
b.) appear dark on radiographs
What type of contrast media is used on patients with suspected perforated bowel?
a.) high density barium sulfate
b.) low density barium sulfate
c.) water based iodine preperation
d.) oil based preperation
c.) water based iodine perperation
Reactions to contrast media will most likely occur following intravenous administration.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
Because of residual contrast media retention, which of the following studies should be done last?
a.) ultrasound (sonography)
b.) intravenous urography
c.) oral cholestrygram
d.) barium enema
d.) barium enema
Most ionic, iodinated contrast media are:
a.) monomers
b.) dimers
c.) trimers
d.) none of the above
a.) monomers
Barium sulfate is contradicted if the patient is suspected of having a gastrointestinal tract perforation.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
Before a barium study of the large intestine is performed it is important that the patient be preped. This will involve which of the following:
1.) cathartics
2.) colonic lavage
3.) dietary restrictions
4.) gastric lavage
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 4 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
Nonionic contrast media are associated with a:
a.) high osmolality
b.) low osmolality
c.) lower cost
d.) none of the above
b.) low osmolality
To ensure proper preparation of stomach prior to a gastrointestinal series, the patient is instructed to avoid foods and liquids for about _________ before the procedures.
a.) 30 minutes
b.) 8 hours
c.) 1 hour
d.) 24 hours
b.) 8 hours
Barium sulfate suspension should not be used for a colon examination in a patient with suspected:
a.) rectal bleeding
b.) intestinal tract perforation
c.) vomiting
d.) polyps
b.) intestinal tract perforation
To insure maximum concentration of oral cholestyographic contrast media after ingestion, it is important for a patient to avoid:
1.) laxatives
2.) liquid foods
3.) solid foods
a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
What are the first signs and symptoms of anaphylactic reaction?
1.) sneezing
2.) apprehension
3.) sweats
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
Radiographic contrast medium that absorbs more radiation that the organ in which it is placed is called:
a.) negative agent
b.) suspension agent
c.) osmolality agent
d.) positive agent
c.) osmalilty agent
The tendency of barium sulfate to clump and come out of suspension is called:
a.) desuspension
b.) antisolution
c.) flocculation
d.) none of the above
c.) flocculation
95% of all contrast media reactions occur within the first __________ minutes.
a.) 20
b.) 15
c.) 10
d.) 5
d.) 5
Glass syringes should not be used to administer oil based contrast media because toxic substances from the glass can dissolve in the media.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
What are advantages for using water soluble contrast media?
1.) cost effective
2.) low toxicity
3.) low osmolality
a.) 1 and 2
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
Which contrast media is classified as colloidal suspension?
1.) barium sulfate
2.) iohexal
3.) iopamidol
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
a.) 1 only
Injection of an ionic contrast media may lead to hypervolemia.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
The amount of time contrast remains in the body is called:
a.) persistance
b.) opacity
c.) miscibillity
d.) toxicity
a.) persistance
Which of the following is classified as a moderate reaction of an iodinated contrast media?
1.) difficulty breathing
2.) reddening in face
3.) low osmolality
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
a.) 1 only
Reactions to contrast media will most likely occur following what type of administration?
a.) intrathecal
b.) rectal
c.) intravenous
d.) intredermal
c.) intravenous
Each of the following is an example of a negative contrast media except:
a.) air
b.) soda water
c.) barium sulfate
d.) gas producing crystals
c.) barium sulfate
