Chapter 23 Population Genetics Vocab

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring

Question 2

Microevolution

Answer 2

Evolutionary change below the species level

Question 3

Mutation

Answer 3

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism’s DNA or in the DNA or RNA of a virus

Question 4

Point Mutation

Answer 4

A change in a single nucleotide pair of a gene

Question 5

Gene Pool

Answer 5

aggregate of an copies of every type of allele at all loci in every individual in a population

Question 6

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 6

The state of a population in which frequencies of alleles and genotypes remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work

Question 7

Directional Selection

Answer 7

Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals

Question 8

Disruptive Selection

Answer 8

Natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenoypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals with intermediate phenotypes

Question 9

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 9

Natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes survive or reproduce more successfully than do extreme phenotypes

Question 10

Sexual Selection

Answer 10

A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates

Question 11

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 11

differences between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females of the same species

Question 12

Genetic Drift

Answer 12

a process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

Question 13

Founder Effect

Answer 13

Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of the original population

Question 14

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 14

Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions

Question 15

Gene Flow

Answer 15

The transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes