Chapter 1 Intro Vocab

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

The scientific study of life

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Nucleic acid molecule, usually double helix, polynucleotide strand consist of nucleotide monomers ACGT

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

The steadystate physiological condition of the body

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 8

Organelle

Answer 8

Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells

Question 9

Cell

Answer 9

he smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

Question 10

Tissue

Answer 10

Collection of specialized cells and cell products in special function

Question 11

Organ

Answer 11

combination of tissues that perform complex functions

Question 12

Organ system

Answer 12

A group of organs that work together to perform vital body function

Question 13

Population

Answer 13

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offsprings

Question 14

Community

Answer 14

Al the organisms that inhabit a particular area; populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction

Question 15

ecosystem

Answer 15

All the organisms in a given are as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the environment around them

Question 16

Biosphere

Answer 16

The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems

Question 17

Genome

Answer 17

The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism’s or virus’s genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequence

Question 18

Natural Selection

Answer 18

a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits

Question 19

Science

Answer 19

An approach to understanding the natural world

Question 20

Scientific Method

Question 21

Control Group

Answer 21

In a controlled experiment, a set of subjects that lacks the specific factors being tested. Ideally, the control group should be identical to the experimental group in other respects

Question 22

Controlled Variables

Answer 22

Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant

Question 23

Hypothesis

Answer 23

A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. Narrower in scope than theory

Question 24

Theory

Answer 24

An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence

Question 25

Law

Answer 25

An established principle thought to be universal and invariable.

Question 26

Evolution

Answer 26

Process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organism living today