Chapter 23 - Metabolism Flashcards
Metabolic turnover
Cells continuously breakdown and replace all their organic components except DNA.
Nutrient pool
Accessible source of organic substrates to the cell. Components used for anabolism or broken down further for ATP production.
Mitochondria
Provide almost all the energy that supports cellular operations.
Citric acid cycle
Removes hydrogen atoms from organic molecules that will feed the mitochondria and transfers them to coenzymes.
Coenzyme
Organic molecules that must bind to the active site of an enzyme before it can function.
Reduced vs oxidized
Gain an electron
Lose an electron
In the form of a hydrogen atom
Coenzymes
NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinueotide)
FAD (flavin adenin dinucleotide)
Acetyl CoA
Glycolysis
Splitting glucose, performed in the cytosol.
Products: 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
Oxidative phosphorylation
Generation of ATP within mitochondria in a reaction sequence that requires coenzymes and consumes O2.
Electron transport system
Series of integral and peripheral proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Cytochromes
Sequence of protein-pigment molecules that transport hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle to the ETS.
Eating disorders
Psychological problems that result in either inadequate or excessive food consumption.
Anorexia nervosa
Lack or loss of appetite, common in adolescent Caucasian females whose weight is nearly 30% below normal.
Bulimia
Induced vomitting after an eating binge. Causes damage to stomach , esophagus, oral cavity, and teeth from repeated exposure to stomach acids.
Obesity
Condition of being 20% over ideal weight.
