Chapter 23- Fatty Acid Metabolism Flashcards
A hormone that suppresses appetite
Leptin
A hormone that stimulates the appetite
Grehlin
Enzymes that hydrolyze triglycerides
Lipases
The two major bile salts of humans are:
Cholate and chenodeoxycholate
A protein that binds to the surface of lipids droplets and helps pancreatic lipases stick to the surface and hydrolyze the ester bonds between the glycerol and fatty acids of the triglycerides
Colipase
Fatty acids are stored in the form of
Triglycerides
Most of the body’s triglyceride molecules are stores in the cytoplasm of
Adipocytes
How many molecules of ATP are produced by (a) NADH and (b) FADH2 in B-oxidation cycle
A- 3
B- 2
Where are the enzymes that catalyze B-oxidation of fatty acids located
In the matrix space
Acyl-CoA is brought into the mitochondrial space by a carrier molecule called
L-carnitine
The synthesis of carnitine for the reactions of fatty acid conversion requires what vitamin
C
L-carnitine deficiency in children can be observed as what symptoms
Metabolic decompensation, inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation, hypoglycemia, lethargy, irritability, enlarged liver
What os the eventual production of ATP molecules per molecule of acetyl CoA released during B-oxidation
12 ATP
When the 16 carbon fatty acid palmitate acid is degraded by oxidation… how many ATP
129
The three ketone bodies
B-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, acetoacetate
The production of ketone bodies
Ketogenesis
Where are acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate primarily produced
Liver
The heart muscle derives most of its metabolic energy from the oxidation of _________
Ketone bodies
The enzymes responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis are located in the ________ of the cell
Cytoplasm
What are the four major differences between B-oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis
- intracellular locations: mitochondria vs cytoplasm of cell
- acyl group carriers: coenzyme vs acyl carrier protein (ACP)
- enzymes involved: no complex vs fatty acid synthase complex
- electron carriers: NADH/FADH2 vs NADPH
The reducing agent for fatty acid synthesis
NADPH
T or F: The VLDL complexes are more active when less calories are eaten than burned
F: more active when more calories are eaten than burned
T or F: the ketone bodies produced in the liver are used by the liver in starvation to produce aTP
F: liver lacks the enzyme to convert ketone bodies to acetyl CoA… they are exported to other organs
The synthesis of triglycerides i adipose tissue requires __________
Glycerol-3-phosphate
