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610 Physical Sciences Of ANE > Chapter 23- Fatty Acid Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 23- Fatty Acid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

A hormone that suppresses appetite

A

Leptin

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2
Q

A hormone that stimulates the appetite

A

Grehlin

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3
Q

Enzymes that hydrolyze triglycerides

A

Lipases

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4
Q

The two major bile salts of humans are:

A

Cholate and chenodeoxycholate

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5
Q

A protein that binds to the surface of lipids droplets and helps pancreatic lipases stick to the surface and hydrolyze the ester bonds between the glycerol and fatty acids of the triglycerides

A

Colipase

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6
Q

Fatty acids are stored in the form of

A

Triglycerides

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7
Q

Most of the body’s triglyceride molecules are stores in the cytoplasm of

A

Adipocytes

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8
Q

How many molecules of ATP are produced by (a) NADH and (b) FADH2 in B-oxidation cycle

A

A- 3
B- 2

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9
Q

Where are the enzymes that catalyze B-oxidation of fatty acids located

A

In the matrix space

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10
Q

Acyl-CoA is brought into the mitochondrial space by a carrier molecule called

A

L-carnitine

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11
Q

The synthesis of carnitine for the reactions of fatty acid conversion requires what vitamin

A

C

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12
Q

L-carnitine deficiency in children can be observed as what symptoms

A

Metabolic decompensation, inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation, hypoglycemia, lethargy, irritability, enlarged liver

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13
Q

What os the eventual production of ATP molecules per molecule of acetyl CoA released during B-oxidation

A

12 ATP

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14
Q

When the 16 carbon fatty acid palmitate acid is degraded by oxidation… how many ATP

A

129

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15
Q

The three ketone bodies

A

B-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, acetoacetate

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16
Q

The production of ketone bodies

A

Ketogenesis

17
Q

Where are acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate primarily produced

A

Liver

18
Q

The heart muscle derives most of its metabolic energy from the oxidation of _________

A

Ketone bodies

19
Q

The enzymes responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis are located in the ________ of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

20
Q

What are the four major differences between B-oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis

A
  • intracellular locations: mitochondria vs cytoplasm of cell
  • acyl group carriers: coenzyme vs acyl carrier protein (ACP)
  • enzymes involved: no complex vs fatty acid synthase complex
  • electron carriers: NADH/FADH2 vs NADPH
21
Q

The reducing agent for fatty acid synthesis

A

NADPH

22
Q

T or F: The VLDL complexes are more active when less calories are eaten than burned

A

F: more active when more calories are eaten than burned

23
Q

T or F: the ketone bodies produced in the liver are used by the liver in starvation to produce aTP

A

F: liver lacks the enzyme to convert ketone bodies to acetyl CoA… they are exported to other organs

24
Q

The synthesis of triglycerides i adipose tissue requires __________

A

Glycerol-3-phosphate

25
Q

The energy demand of resting muscle is generally supplied by the ___________ of fatty acids while working muscles obtain energy by degradation of its own supply of __________.

A

B-oxidation; glycogen

26
Q

When the body is in a resting state, ______% of free glucose in the body is used by the brain

A

60

27
Q

T or F: ketone bodies can enter the blood brain barrier

A

T

28
Q

Insulin ________ bio synthetic processes and __________ catabolic processes

A

Activates; inhibits

29
Q

The major target cells for the insulin

A

Liver, adipose, muscle cells

30
Q

The blood glucose level is normally
A. 60 moles
B. 70-80 mEq
C. 10 millimolar (mM)
D. 80-100 moles

A

C. 10 millimolar (mM)

31
Q

T or F: insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis

A

T

32
Q

T or F: Insulin inhibits the transport and uotake of amino acids as well as the incorporation of amino acids into proteins

A

F- stimulates

33
Q

T or F: insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose by adipose cells as well as the synthesis and storage of triglycerides

A

T

34
Q

Insulin is secreted by what cells

A

B-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

35
Q

Glucagon is secreted by the

A

Alpha-cells of the islets of Langerhans

36
Q

Glucagon inhibits _________ and stimulates ______ & _________
A. Gluconeogenenis
B. Glycolysis
C. Glygogen synthesis
D. Glycogenolysis
E. The Krebs Cycle

A

C, D/A

Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis & gluconeogensis

610 Physical Sciences Of ANE (5 decks)

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