Chapter 23: Disorders of Red Blood Cells

Question 1

Erythroblasts

Answer 1

formed from the pluripotent stem cells in Bone Marrow.

Question 2

What blood cell accumulates hemoglobin and transports
O2 and CO2 to the tissues?

Answer 2

Red Blood Cells

Question 3

What binds some carbon dioxide and carries it from the tissues to the lungs?

Answer 3

Hemoglobin

Question 4

Each of the four polypeptide chains consists of a ____ and a ___ unit

Answer 4

-a globin( Protein)
- Heme Unit

Question 5

How many molecules of oxygen can Hemoglobin carry?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

What is the life span of RBC?

Answer 6

120 Days

Question 7

Where are RBC broken Down?

Answer 7

The Spleen

Question 8

What is the Heme molucule converted into and where is it transported to?

Answer 8

Bilirubin; liver

Question 9

What degradation products are recycled?

Answer 9

Iron and Amino Acid

Question 10

What is produced in the red bone marrow after birth?

Answer 10

Erythropoiesis

Question 11

T/F:
Bone marrow gradually declines after the age of 5

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is bilirubin?

Answer 12

The breakdown of RBC

Question 13

After ___ Years, red cell production takes Place in the ___, ____, ___, and pelvis.

Answer 13

• 20 years
• Vertebrae, Sternum, Ribs, and Pelvis

Question 14

Jaundice is common in ___?

Answer 14

Newborns

Question 15

What is the treatment for Jaundice?

Answer 15

Phototherapy

Question 16

What is insoluble in plasma and attaches to plasma proteins for transport?

Answer 16

Bilirubin

Question 17

Insoluble bilirubin

Answer 17

Unconjugated

Question 18

What is the cause of newborns diagnosed with Jaundice?

Answer 18

the liver is not fully developed
- prevents it from processing the bilirubin and removing it from the blood

Question 19

Soluble bilirubin

Answer 19

Conjugated

Question 20

Red Blood Cell Count:

Answer 20

measures the total number of red blood cells of the blood

Question 21

What is the normal bilirubin level?

Answer 21

1.5

Question 22

What provides an index of the rate of red cell production?

Answer 22

Percentage of Reticulocytes

Question 23

What measures the hemoglobin content of the blood?

Answer 23

Hemoglobin

Question 24

What measures the volume of red cell mass in Plasma Volume?

Answer 24

Hematocrit

Question 25

What is considered high bilirubin levels?

Answer 25

2-2.5

Question 26

What is the term for when bilirubin accumulates in the blood?

Answer 26

Jaundice

Question 27

What are the signs and symptoms of Transfusion Reactions?

Answer 27

- Heat along the vein where the blood is being infused - Flushing of the face - Utricaria, headache, pain in the chest - Cramping pain in abdomen - Nausea Vomiting

Question 28

What are the nursing implications for a blood transfusion reaction?

Answer 28

*Stop Transfusion and notify the Physician *Change IV Tubing *Treat symptoms if present *Recheck crossmatch record with unit

Question 29

Autologous Transfusions :

Answer 29

giving your own blood eliminating the risk of reactions and blood borne diseases

Question 30

What is anemia?

Answer 30

An abnormally low number of circulating red blood cells or level of hemoglobin

Question 31

What are the manifestation of Anemia?

Answer 31

Impaired oxygen transport

Question 32

Anemia results in?

Answer 32

Diminished oxygen carrying capacity

Question 33

What are the signs ans symptoms of Tissue Hypoxia?

Answer 33

Fatigue, Weakness, Dyspnea, possible angina

Question 34

What is the term for RBC sizes being smaller than the normal range?

Answer 34

Microcytic

Question 35

What are the signs and symptoms of Hypoxia to Brain?

Answer 35

Headaches, faintness, dim vision

Question 36

What is the term for when RBC have less color than normal?

Answer 36

Hypochromic

Question 37

Redistribution of blood includes:

Answer 37

pale skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and nail beds

Question 38

What are the causes of Anemia?

Answer 38

*Excessive loss (blooding) *Destruction of red blood cells *Deficient red blood cell production because of a lack of nutritional elements *Bone Marrow Failure

Question 39

The body compensates for Anemia by ?

Answer 39

Tachycardia and palpitations

Question 40

What is Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Answer 40

a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells

Question 41

Sickle Cell Disease :

Answer 41

Inherited disorder where abnormal hemoglobin leads to chronic hemolytic anemia, pain, and organ failure

Question 42

What is megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 42

a type of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells

Question 43

Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease includes:

Answer 43

- avoiding sickling episodes - avoiding infections, cold exposure, severe physical exertion, acidosis, dehydration

Question 44

What has the possibility of being cured by bone marrow and stem cell transplant?

Answer 44

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 45

Hydroxyurea:

Answer 45

Cytotoxic drug ; used to prevent complications

Question 46

What results from dietary deficiency, loss of iron through bleeding, or increased demands.

Answer 46

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Question 47

What does iron deficiency lead to?

Answer 47

-decreased hemoglobin synthesis and consequent imapairment of oxygen delivery

Question 48

What is cobalamin deficiency anemia? (Pernicious anemia)

Answer 48

A condition that develops when your body can't make enough healthy red blood cells because it doesn't have enough vitamin B12

Question 49

Loss of blood increases risk of?

Answer 49

iron deficiency E.g Menstrual cycle

Question 50

Who is at risk for Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

Answer 50

People who have poor diets that don't include red meat

Question 51

When B12 is deficient, the red cells that are produced are abnormally ____ because of excess cytoplasmic growth structural proteins.

Answer 51

Large

Question 52

What are the Causes of Aplastic Anemia?

Answer 52

- High doses of radiation, chemicals, and toxins that suppress hematopoiesis

Question 53

Treatment of Aplastic Anemia

Answer 53

-stop the drug - stem cell replacement - immunosuppressive therapy

Question 54

Aplastic Anemia:

Answer 54

a condition that occurs when the body stops producing enough new blood cells.

Question 55

If malabsorption is a lifelong treatment with IM Vitamin B12. Why would the doctor make the patient do IM instead of PO?

Answer 55

Intramuscular will absorb better because they have a malabsorption issue

Question 56

A condition in which the red blood cell mass is increased is known as ?

Answer 56

Polycythemia

Question 57

What results from a loss of vascular fluid and is corrected by replacing the fluid?

Answer 57

Relative Polycythemia

Question 58

What are the common B12 Deficiency Symptoms?

Answer 58

*extreme tiredness (fatigue) *lack of energy (lethargy) *shortness of breath *feeling faint *headaches. *pale skin. *palpitations (pounding heart)

Question 59

What is the proliferative disease of the bone marrow with an absolute increase in total red blood cells ?

Answer 59

Primary Polycythemia

Question 60

What results from increased erythropoietin levels caused by hypoxic conditionsn

Answer 60

Secondary Polycythemia

Question 61

Venous Stasis:

Answer 61

Blood is pooling