Chapter 23

Question 0

For gas exchange to be efficient, _________ walls must be very thin and surface area must be very great.

Answer 0

Alveoli

Question 1

Where does all gas exchange take place?

Answer 1

Alveoli

Question 2

The alveoli has this type of epithelium.

Answer 2

Simple squamous.

Question 3

How does filtration in the nasal cavity remove debris and dirt larger than 10 micrometers?

Answer 3

It gets stuck in nasal hair

Question 4

What happens to dirt that is smaller than 10 micrometers that enters the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

It gets stuck in mucous and is pushed out by cilia.

Question 5

This is known as the mucous escalator because it pushes dust and debris out toward the pharynx.

Answer 5

Cilia

Question 6

What are the first particle filtration system?

Answer 6

Nasal hair

Question 7

Superior portion of the nasal cavity is called ___________ because it gives the sense of smell.

Answer 7

Olfactory region

Question 8

The _____________ warms and humidifies inhaled air for the lower respiratory system.

Answer 8

Nasal mucosa

Question 9

Why is breathing through your mouth considered unhealthy?

Answer 9

Because the nasal mucosa warms and humidifies the air inhaled by your nose and traps dust, while these steps are skipped when breathing through your mouth.

Question 10

This is a chamber shared by digestive and respiratory systems. It is also called throat.

Answer 10

Pharynx

Question 11

Air flow goes the pharynx to the ________.

Answer 11

Larynx

Question 12

The thyroid cartilage of the larynx is also called ________.

Answer 12

Adam’s apple

Question 13

What are the three cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 13

The thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and the epiglottis.

Question 14

The entrance to the trachea is called the _________.

Answer 14

Glottis

Question 15

What is the purpose of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage of the larynx?

Answer 15

To support and protect the glottis

Question 16

What happens during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the respiratory tract.

Answer 16

The larynx is elevated and the epiglottis folds over and covers the glottis.

Question 17

The vestibular ligaments lie within vestibular folds, which protect _______.

Answer 17

Vocal folds

Question 18

How are sound waves produced?

Answer 18

Air passes through glottis and vibrates vocal folds.

Question 19

This is also called the windpipe, and branches off into left and right pulmonary bronchi.

Answer 19

Trachea

Question 20

How many tracheal cartilages are there and what’s their purpose?

Answer 20

15-20

They protect and strengthens airway.

Question 21

The let and right primary bronchi are separated by a ridge called ___________.

Answer 21

The Carina

Question 22

Are the primary bronchi the same size?

Answer 22

No the right is larger in diameter and descents ate steeper angle.

Question 23

The pleural cavities are responsible for _______.

Answer 23

Holding the lungs

Question 24

How many lobes does each lung have?

Answer 24

Left has 2 lobes

Right has 3 lobes

Question 25

Describe the shape of the lungs.

Answer 25

Right lung is wider and displaced upward by liver.

Left lung is longer and displaced leftward by the heart.

Question 26

What is the cardiac notch and where is it located?

Answer 26

It is a curvature on the left lung caused by the heart.

Question 27

The place where pulmonary nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics enter the lungs is called _________.

Answer 27

Hilum

Question 28

How many secondary bronchi go to each lobe of the lungs?

Answer 28

One per lobe

Question 29

Describe the walls of bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 29

Primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of bronchi have progressively less cartilage and more smooth muscle.
Bronchioles have NO cartilage, but only smooth muscle.

Question 30

Inflammation of bronchial walls is called _________.

Answer 30

Bronchitis

Question 31

Bronchodilation is caused by ___________, while bronchoconstriction is caused by __________.

Answer 31

Bronchodilation = sympathetic nervous system 
Bronchoconstriction = parasympathetic nervous system

Question 32

Excessive stimulation of bronchoconstriction, which severely restricts airflow, is called ___________.

Answer 32

Asthma

Question 33

What is hyperpnea?

Answer 33

Forced breathing

Question 34

In forced breathing, the inhalation and exhalation are both _______.

Answer 34

Active

Question 35

In quiet breathing, inhalation and exhalation are ______.

Answer 35

Inhalation - active

Exhalation - passive

Question 36

Quiet breathing is also called _______.

Answer 36

Eupnea

Question 37

The respiratory minute volume is calculated by __________.

Answer 37

Respiratory rate X tidal volume