Chapter 18 Flashcards
What are the 2 regions of the. Suprarenal gland?
Superficial suprarenal cortex and inner suprarenal medulla.
Where are suprarenal (adrenal) glands found?
Lie along superior border of each kidney
What does the endocrine system regulate
Long term processes like growth, development, and reproduction
What is direct communication
Exchange of ions and molecules between two adjacent cells of the same type across gap junctions
What is Paracrine communication
Most common form of intercellular communication that uses chemical signals to transfer information from cell to cell within single tissue
What is endocrine communication
Endocrine cells release chemicals into bloodstream and alters metabolic activities of many tissues and organs simultaneously
What are target cells
Specific cells that possess exceptions needed to bind and “read” hormonal messages
What can hormones do
1) stimulate synthesis of enzymes or structural proteins
2) increase or decrease rate of synthesis
3) turn existing enzyme or membrane channel on or off
What is synaptic communication
Occurs across synaptic clefts Limited to a specific area Ideal for crisis management Chemical messenger is neurotransmitter Can have characteristics of Paracrine or endocrine communication based on neurotransmitter receptor
What are the three groups of enzymes
1) amino acid derivatives
2) peptide hormones
3) lipid derivatives
What are amino acid derivatives
Small molecules structurally related to amino acids
What are derivatives of tyrosine
Thyroid hormones and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine)
What are derivatives of tryptophan
Melatonin
