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Chemistry 1130 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

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1
Q

Lipids

A
  • Biomolecules that are **not water soluble **
  • mostly hydrocarbon⇒london forces
  • long term energy storage→Fats & Oils
  • short term energy storage→Glycogen
  • structual cell membrane
  • chemical messengers→ Steriods & eicosanoids (do not have fatty acids)
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2
Q

Fatty acid

A
  • long chain monocarboxyclic acids (12-24)
  • always an even mumber of carbons

Saturated:

  • all c-c bonds are single bonds

_Unsaturated: _

  • conatin at least one c-c double bond

Polyunsaturated:

  • two or more c-c double bonds
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3
Q

Cis double bonds

A
  • put a kink in the carbon chain, that forces the hydrocarbons apart
  • lower melthing point b/c fewer london forces
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4
Q

Essential fatty acids

A
  • Linoleic (18:2)
  • Linolenic (18:3)
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5
Q

Waxes

A

An ester of a fatty acid + a long chain alcohol

  • simplest fatty acid in nature
  • function: water proffing
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6
Q

triglycerides

A

glycerol + 3 Fatty acids

  • animal fats & vegatable oils
  • Function: long term energy storage
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7
Q

Adipocytes

A
  • light yellow tissue under the skin
  • storage occurs in adipocytes
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8
Q

Properties of fats & oils

A

Oil:

  • a mixture of triglycerols that is liquid b/c it conations a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids
  • liquid

Fat:

  • a mixture of trigycerols that is solid b/c it contains high amounts of satutrated fatty acids
  • solid
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9
Q

Good & Bad fats:

A
  • High concetrations of saturated fat is considered to be bad
  • trans fat is considered to be bad
  • polyunsaturated fats can be good or bad. (Omega-6 is bad, Omega-3 is better)
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10
Q

Partial hydrogenation

A

Hydrogen is added to c-c double bonds to make them single bonds

Purose:

  • convert liquid oils to solid fats

Can produce trans fats

(oils⇒fats); (less saturated⇒more saturated)

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11
Q

Saponification

A

soap making

  • salt of the fatty acids = soap
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12
Q

Detergents

A

sythetic soaps where the carboxylate ion of a soap is replaced by a different higly polar group like an amine or sulfonic acid

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13
Q

Micelles

A

a spherical aggregation of soap molecules arranged w/ hydrophobic tail in the center and hydrophillic head on the outside

  • soap molecules form micelles in water
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14
Q

Membrane lipids

A

molecules that form cell membranes

  • two hydrophobic tails and a polar head

3 major kind:

  • phospholipid- lipid w/ ester link between phosphoric acid and alcohol
  • glycolipids- sphingosince w/attached carbohydrate (no phosphate)
  • sphinogolipids-amide; sphinogosine & glycolipids
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15
Q

membrane lipid structures:

A
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16
Q

Choline:

A
  • quanternary amine
  • permanent + charge
17
Q

lecithin

A

when an amino alcohol attached to phosphate in a glyceropholipid is choline the membrane is called lecithin

  • emulsifying agent
18
Q

Sphigomylein

A

phospholipids that use choline as their polar head

  • foun din high concentrations in cells of the myelin sheath
19
Q

Glycolipids:

A

Cerebrosides: monosaccarides as their polar head.

  • Particually abundant in nerve cell membranes
  • Amide

Gangliosides: oligilosaccarides as the polar head

20
Q

Cholesterol

A

Starting material for synthesis of all other steriods

  • regulate the fluidity of cell membranes
  • hydrophobic
  • nearly flat

Sterols( fluidity)

21
Q

saturation

A
  • Saturated with hydrogens
  1. saturated (single bonds to H) Most saturated
  2. monosaturated (double bonds to H)
  3. polysaturated ( multiplebonds to H) Less saturated
22
Q

Integral proteins

A
  • embedded in the membrane
  • act as a gate or channel to let selected molecules pass across the membrane
23
Q

passive & active transport

A

Passive (no energy):

  1. Simple (random)
  2. Facilitated- requires the protein to change

Active (energy):

  1. Na+/K+
24
Q

chemical messengers

A

Eicosanoids “bobby pin”:

  • made from arachidoric acid
  1. prostaglanding→inflammatory
  2. thromboxnes→ inflammatory
  3. leukotries→ 3 conjuated DB’s

Chemistry 1130 (14 decks)

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