Chapter 13 Flashcards
Aromatic
A hydrocarbon that contains a 6-membered ring with 3 double bonds
Alkyne
A hydrocarbon with a triple bond
> unsaturated
Cyclic alkenes
Cycloakenes
Common names
> Etheylene= ethene
propylene=propene
acetylene=ethyne
Shapes of alkenes and alkynes
> Carbons with 4 single bonds tetrahedral
carbon with double bonds tribunal planar
carbon with triple bonds are linear
Cis
Same
Trans
Opposite
Reactions of hydrocarbons
Addition reaction a substance X-Y adds to multiple bond( double or triple)
2 reactants>1 product
Elimination reaction
Two atoms or groups are removed from adjacent carbons producing a double carbon bond
1 reactant >2 products
Substitution reactions
One atom or a group of atoms replaced by a different atom
2 reactants>2 products
Rearrangement reactions
Chemical bond rearrangement produces an isomer
1 reactant>1 product
Makovnikovs rule
> H attaches to the carbon hat already has the most H’s
> X(any element) attaches to carbon that has fewer H’s
Free radical
Simple unpaired electron
>highly reactive
Polymer
Large molecule with small repetitive bonds
>chemically stable
Monomer
Small molecules that combine to make a polymer
The basic aromatic structure
Benzene
> implies 3 double bonds
>chemically stable
Reasonace
True structure of an atom is average amount 2 or more possible structures
> chemically stable
Resonance stability occurs by…
Delocalization of double bond electrons
>aromatic rings
>alternating double bond systems
Aromatic chemical & physical property
>toxic >non polar >insoluble >volatile >float >undergo combustion & substitution
Properties of alkenes & alkynes
Non polar Insoluble in water( soluble in nonpolar) Flammable;nontoxic Reactive Low boiling point May exist as cos and trans
Alkene
Double of carbons
