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Chemistry 1130 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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0
Q

Alcohols

A

Behave like water
> can form hydrogen bonds
> high water solubility (decreases with 4 or more carbons)

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1
Q

Compounds containing oxygen

A

Alcohols, phenols, ethers

> oxygen introduces polarity

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2
Q

Denatured alcohol

A

Ethyl alcohol that has contaminants mixed to make it unfit to drink–gasoline, methanol sulfides used

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3
Q

Predict water solubility

A

> Count # of water molecules that can hydrogen bond to a molecule
count # of carbon atoms

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4
Q

Chemical reactions of alcohol

A

> dehydration( water is a products)

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5
Q

Oxidation of alcohols

A
  • Primary alcohols >aldehydes> carboxylic acids
  • secondary alcohol>ketone>NR
  • tertiary alcohol>NR
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6
Q

Dehydration

A

Replaces -OH with a double bond.

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7
Q

Alcohol proof (v/v)%

A

(V/v)% # multiplied by 2 = proof

Proof # divided by 2= (v/v)%

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8
Q

Methyl alcohol

A

Wood alcohol

CH3OH

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9
Q

Ethyl alcohol

A

Grain alcohol

CH3CH2OH

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10
Q

Isopropyl alcohol

A

Rubbing alcohol

(CH3)2CHOH

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11
Q

Ethylene glycol

A

Antifreeze, diol

HOCH2CH2OH

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12
Q

Glycerol

A

Glycerin, Tirol
HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH
NONTOXIC

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14
Q

Propylene

A

CH3CH2=CH2

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15
Q

For a molecule to hydrogen to its self….

A

You must have a N,O,F and you must have a hydrogen bonded to an N,O,F

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16
Q

Phenols

A

> liquid at room temperature
slightly soluble in water
can form hydrogen bonds w/water
modified phenols used as disinfectants & anti-oxidants

17
Q

Phenol nomenclature

A

Ortho-catechol
Meta-resorcinol
Para-hydroquinone

18
Q

Phenol chemical properties

A 
>not alcohols 
>chemically stable 
>undergo combustion
>weak acids (pka-10)
>react with bases ; lose H+
19
Q

Ether

A

> slightly polar, chemically unreactive
CANT form hydrogen bonds To each other
Water can hydrogen bond with ethers(partially water soluble)
Ethers named as alkoxy

20
Q

Chemical

Properties of ethers

A

> mostly unreactive ;good solvents

>combustion;highly flammable

21
Q

Sulfur

A

Sulfur can substitute for oxygen in alcohols and ethers
>alcohol: Thiol
>ether:thioether
C-S bonds are non polar

22
Q

Thiol properties

A 
>nonpolar 
>low boiling point 
>insoluble in water 
>awful smell 
>oxidation
33
Q

Benzene ring as a branch is….

A

Phenyl group

Chemistry 1130 (14 decks)

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