Chapter 14 Flashcards
Alcohols
Behave like water
> can form hydrogen bonds
> high water solubility (decreases with 4 or more carbons)
Compounds containing oxygen
Alcohols, phenols, ethers
> oxygen introduces polarity
Denatured alcohol
Ethyl alcohol that has contaminants mixed to make it unfit to drink–gasoline, methanol sulfides used
Predict water solubility
> Count # of water molecules that can hydrogen bond to a molecule
count # of carbon atoms
Chemical reactions of alcohol
> dehydration( water is a products)
Oxidation of alcohols
- Primary alcohols >aldehydes> carboxylic acids
- secondary alcohol>ketone>NR
- tertiary alcohol>NR
Dehydration
Replaces -OH with a double bond.
Alcohol proof (v/v)%
(V/v)% # multiplied by 2 = proof
Proof # divided by 2= (v/v)%
Methyl alcohol
Wood alcohol
CH3OH
Ethyl alcohol
Grain alcohol
CH3CH2OH
Isopropyl alcohol
Rubbing alcohol
(CH3)2CHOH
Ethylene glycol
Antifreeze, diol
HOCH2CH2OH
Glycerol
Glycerin, Tirol
HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH
NONTOXIC
Propylene
CH3CH2=CH2
For a molecule to hydrogen to its self….
You must have a N,O,F and you must have a hydrogen bonded to an N,O,F
Phenols
> liquid at room temperature
slightly soluble in water
can form hydrogen bonds w/water
modified phenols used as disinfectants & anti-oxidants
Phenol nomenclature
Ortho-catechol
Meta-resorcinol
Para-hydroquinone
Phenol chemical properties
>not alcohols >chemically stable >undergo combustion >weak acids (pka-10) >react with bases ; lose H+
Ether
> slightly polar, chemically unreactive
CANT form hydrogen bonds To each other
Water can hydrogen bond with ethers(partially water soluble)
Ethers named as alkoxy
Chemical
Properties of ethers
> mostly unreactive ;good solvents
>combustion;highly flammable
Sulfur
Sulfur can substitute for oxygen in alcohols and ethers
>alcohol: Thiol
>ether:thioether
C-S bonds are non polar
Thiol properties
>nonpolar >low boiling point >insoluble in water >awful smell >oxidation
Benzene ring as a branch is….
Phenyl group
