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ANP 2 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of nostrils of the nose?

A

external nares

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2
Q

What is the name of the cartilage surrounded space just inside the nostrils?

A

vestibule

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3
Q

What is the name of the partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

A

nasal septum

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4
Q

What is the name of the scroll-like projections of mucosa lined bone in the nasal cavity?

A

conchae

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5
Q

What is the name of the epithelium that has receptors for smell?

A

olfactory

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6
Q

What is the name of the posterior opening from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx?

A

internal nares

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7
Q

What structure lies above the soft palate?

A

nasopharynx

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8
Q

What structure extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone?

A

oropharynx

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9
Q

What structure lies posterior to the larynx?

A

laryngopharynx

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10
Q

What two cartilages elevate to close off the respiratory tract during swallowing?

A

thyroid and cricoid

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11
Q

Describe the shape of the tracheas cartilaginous rings

A

c shape

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12
Q

what are the branches of the trachea

A

primary bronchi

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13
Q

how many primary bronchi are there

A

2

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14
Q

which pleural membrane lines the outer surfaces of the lungs

A

visceral pleura

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15
Q

which pleural membrane lines the inner thoracic wall

A

parietal pleura

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16
Q

what fissure divides the lungs into superior and inferior lobes?

A

oblique

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17
Q

what fissure divides the right upper lobe into superior and middle lobes?

A

horizontal

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18
Q

how many secondary bronchi are in the right lung?

A

3

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19
Q

how many secondary bronchi are in the left lung

A

2

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20
Q

How many tertiary bronchi are in the left lung?

A

10

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21
Q

How many tertiary bronchi are in the right lung?

22
Q

What part of the respiratory system directly supplies the bronchopulmonary system?

A

bronchiole

23
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are in the right lung?

24
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are in the left lung?

25
Q

what effect does parasympathetic nerve stimulation have on the size of the bronchioles?

A

contracts smooth muscle

26
Q

what effect does sympathetic nerve stimulation have on the size of the bronchioles?

A

relaxes smooth muscle

27
Q

what is the last finest bronchiole?

A

terminal bronchiole

28
Q

what are the branches of the terminal bronchioles

A

respiratory bronchioles

29
Q

where does the direct exchange of gasses occur?

A

respiratory membrane

30
Q

which alveolar cell is responsible for engulfing debris and foreign particles in the lungs?

A

alveolar macrophage

31
Q

which alveolar cell is responsible for maintaining the reticular and elastic membranes of the alveolus?

A

fibroblasts

32
Q

which alveolar cell is responsible for producing surfactant?

A

pneumocyte type 2

33
Q

which alveolar cell is the main site of gas exchange?

A

pneumocyte type 1

34
Q

what structure directly feeds air into the alveoli?

A

alveolar duct

35
Q

what happens to the lung pressure when the volume of the lung increases?

A

pressure decreases

36
Q

what happens to the lung pressure when the volume of the lung decreases?

A

pressure increases

37
Q

what happens to the movement of air when the volume of the lung increases

A

inhalation

38
Q

what happens to the movement of air when the volume of the lung decreases

A

expiration

39
Q

does greater compliance make it easier or harder to fill and empty the lungs

40
Q

does lesser compliance make it easier or harder to fill and empty the lungs

41
Q

what muscle is responsible for deep breathing

42
Q

what muscles are responsible for shallow breathing

A

external intercostals

43
Q

what muscles are responsible for forced breathing

A

Accessory muscles: sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis minor

44
Q

what is the definition of respiratory rate

A

number of breaths taken each minute

45
Q

what happens when the pressure within the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure

A

expiration - air leaves

46
Q

what happens when the atmosperic pressure is greater than the pressure within the lungs?

A

inspiration- air rushes in

47
Q

what type of respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and lungs?

A

external respiration

48
Q

what type of respiration is the exchange of gases between blood and tissues?

A

internal respiration

49
Q

what would happen if the partial pressure of oxygen in the capillary is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissues?

A

oxygen would go to the tissues

50
Q

Which area in the pons stimulates the inspiratory area in the medulla?

51
Q

Which area in the pons inhibits the inspiratory area in the medulla?

A

pneumotaxic

ANP 2 (6 decks)

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