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AP 2 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when mature sperm and a secondary oocyte unite?

A

Fertilization (all about uniting)

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2
Q

How many weeks on average does a baby stay in utero?

A

38 weeks

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3
Q

Increase in size
Increase number in cells

A

Growth

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4
Q

Growth and aging, individual changes during life

A

Development

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5
Q

Fertilization-birth

A

Prenatal

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6
Q

Birth-death

A

Postnatal

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7
Q

Where does fertilization take place?

A

Fallopian (uterine) tube

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8
Q

What is the travel pattern of sperm once in the vagina?

A

Vagina>cervix>body of uterus>fallopian tube

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9
Q

How long can a oocyte survive after ovulation?

A

12-24 hours

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10
Q

How quick could a sperm reach the oocyte?

A

1 hour after intercourse

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11
Q

How many sperm does it take to fertilize a 2nd oocyte?

A

1 (only 1)

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12
Q

How long can sperm live in the women?

A

6 days

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13
Q

What must occur to the 2nd oocyte before fertilization?

A

It must be ovulated and in the fallopian tube

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14
Q

Describe the process one sperm and 2nd oocyte unite to make zygote

A

Sperm> corona radiata>dissolves Corona radiata with acrosomal enzyme>sperm digest zona pellucida> 1st sperm penetrates egg membrane> fertilizes egg> 1st sperm brakes through zona pellucida and becomes hard> pronuclei unite and make zygote

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15
Q

Cells surrounding egg(2nd oocyte)

A

Corona radiata

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16
Q

Glycoprotein layer that surrounds egg (2nd oocyte)

A

Zona pellucida

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17
Q

What makes up these stages (pre-embryonic, embryonic, fetal )

A

Prenatal period

18
Q

Presence of a developing offspring in the uterus

A

Pregnancy

19
Q

From fertilization to second week
*Includes cleavage, blastocyst formation, implantation, development of extraembryonic membranes

A

Pre-embryonic stage

20
Q

What stage of prenatal is development?

A

Pre-embryonic

21
Q

Cell division & distribution of zygotes cytoplasm into smaller cells.

A

Cleavage

22
Q

Smaller cells made from cleavage

A

Blastomeres

23
Q

Solid mass (16 cells) moves into uterus

A

Morula

24
Q

Blastocyst

A

Hallow bell of cells that attach to the endometrium

25
Q

Give rise to embryo proper

A

Inner cell mass

26
Q

Trophoblast

A

Wall of blastocyst
Makes structures to assist embryo
Produces HCG

27
Q

What is HCG

A

Human chronic gondotropin

28
Q

Attachment of blastocyst to uterine lining

A

Implantation

29
Q

What is a function of blastocyst

A

They secrete proteolytic enzymes to digest parts of the endometrium

30
Q

What is a function of trophoblast?

A

Develop microvilli that invade endometrium

31
Q

Why do trophoblast produce HCG?

A

They produce this corpus luteum viable and prevent blastocyst rejection by the immune system

32
Q

Define Placenta

A

Formed in endometrium and cells surrounding the embryo
It attaches the embryo to uterine wall
Provides nourishment, gas exchange etc. to the baby

33
Q

Is formed by trophoblast
They then grow out and invade endometrium and turn into chronic villi

A

Chorion

34
Q

Lacunae

A

Irregular space in endometrium around chronic villi

35
Q

Has amniotic fluid comes during the second week

A

Amnion

36
Q

Define Amniotic fluid

A

Fills space between embryonic disc
Protects & cushions embryo
Keeps a constant temperature

37
Q

Extraembryonic membrane forms during 2nd week underside the embryonic sac
Forms blood cells (early development)

A

Yolk sac

38
Q

Extraembryonic membrane forms during 3rd week between yolk sac and connecting stalk
Forms blood cells and umbilical vessels

A

Allantois

39
Q

Separates embryonic blood from maternal blood; nutrients and respiratory gases are exchanged between embryo and mother

A

Placental membrane

40
Q

Gastrulation layers

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

AP 2 (7 decks)

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