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microbiology > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Circulates blood through the body’s tissues

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

Includes the heard, associated arteries, veins, and capillaries (delivers substances to and removes substances from the cells)

A

the Cardiovascular system

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3
Q

What happens when plasma leaves blood capillaries?

A

It becomes interstitial fluid

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4
Q

Transport interstitial fluid to lymph vessels and lymph nodes

A

Lymph capillaries

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5
Q

Contains fixed macrophages, B cells, and T cells

A

Lymph nodes

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6
Q

What are buboes?

A

Swollen lymph nodes

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7
Q

An acute illness due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the blood

A

Septicemia

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8
Q

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

A

Sepsis

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9
Q

Inflamed lymph vessels

A

Lymphangitis

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10
Q

Decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one organ

A

Severe sepsis

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11
Q

Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

A

Septic shock

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12
Q

What is another name for Gram (-) sepsis?

A

Endotoxin shock

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13
Q

Cause a severe drop in Blood Pressure

A

Endotoxins

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14
Q

What bacteria are most frequently involved in endotoxin shock?

A

Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q

Treatment for Gram (-) sepsis

A

Neutralizing the LPS components and inflammatory-causing cytokines

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16
Q

What is Gram (+) sepsis?

A

potent exotoxins that cause toxic shock syndrome

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17
Q

What are some examples of hospital acquired infections?

A

Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Group B streptococci

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18
Q

Also known as puerperal fever and childbirth fever

A

Puerperal Sepsis

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19
Q

What bacteria causes puerperal sepsis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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20
Q

Pathogen of streptococcus progenies

A

transmitted via childbirth; infects the uterus and progresses to an infection of the abdominal cavity

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21
Q

Inflammation of the endocardium

A

Endocarditis

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22
Q

Impairs the function of the heart valves

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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23
Q

What bacteria causes Acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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24
Q

Inflammation of the cat around the heart

A

Pericarditis

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25
Q

An autoimmune complication of S. pyogenes infections

A

Rheumatic Fever

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26
Q

What does Sydenham’s chorea cause?

A

Purposeless, involuntary movements

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27
Q

What bacteria causes Anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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28
Q

Is a Gram (+), endospore-forming aerobic rod

A

Bacillus anthracis

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29
Q

How is Anthrax treated?

A

With ciprofloxacin or doxycycline

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30
Q

Is found in soil and primarily affects grazing animals

A

Anthrax

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31
Q

Pathogen of Anthrax

A

spores are taken in by macrophages and germinate
bacteria enter the bloodstream and release toxins

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32
Q

Disease who’s bacteria produce virulence factors

A

Anthrax

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33
Q

Binds the toxins to target cells, permitting entry (virulence factor)

A

Protective antigen

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34
Q

Causes local swelling and interferes with phagocytosis (virulence factor)

A

Edema toxin

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35
Q

Targets and kills macrophages (virulence factor)

A

Lethal toxin

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36
Q

Endospores enter through a minor cut, 20% mortality rate without treatment

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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37
Q

Ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food, >50% mortality rate

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

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38
Q

Inhalation of endospores, progresses into septic shock, nearly 100% mortality rate

A

Inhalation (pulmonary) anthrax

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39
Q

Loss of blood supply to tissue

A

Ischemia

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40
Q

Death of tissue

A

Necrosis

41
Q

Death of soft tissue

A

Gangrene

42
Q

What bacteria causes Gas Gangrene?

A

Clostridium Perfringens

43
Q

A gram (+), endospore-forming anaerobic rod

A

Clostridium Pefringens

44
Q

Where does Gas Gangrene grow and what does it produce?

A

It grows in necrotic tissue and produces toxins that move along muscle bundles

45
Q

How is Gas Gangrene treated?

A

surgical removal of necrotic tissue and/use of hyperbaric chamber

46
Q

What bacteria causes Cat-scratch Disease?

A

Bartonella henselae (aerobic, Gram (-)

47
Q

Pathogen of Cat-Scratch Disease

A

inhabits RBC’s of cats, multiplies in the digestive system of cat fleas, and claws become contaminated

48
Q

Forms a papule at the infection site and swollen lymph nodes

A

Cat-Scratch Disease

49
Q

What bacteria causes the Plague?

A

Yersiniz Pestis (Gram (-), rod)

50
Q

Bacterial growth in the blood and lymph, most common form (50-70% mortality rate)

A

Bubonic plague

51
Q

Septic shock due to bacteria in the blood

A

Septicemic plague

52
Q

Bacteria in the lungs (nearly 100% mortality rate)

A

Pneumonic plague

53
Q

What bacteria causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

54
Q

The most common tick borne disease in the United States

A

Lyme disease

55
Q

The 1st phase of Lyme disease

A

Bulls-eye rash, flulike symptoms

56
Q

The 2nd Phase of Lyme disease

A

Irregular heartbeat, encephalitis, facial paralysis, memory loss

57
Q

The 3rd Phase of Lyme disease

A

Arthritis due to an immune response

58
Q

What bacteria causes Typhus?

A

Rickettsia spp.

59
Q

An obligate intracellular parasite that infects endothelial cells in the vascular system

A

Typhus

60
Q

What bacteria causes Typhus fever?

A

Rickettsia prowasekii

61
Q

Pathogen of typhus fever

A

transmitted when louse feces are rubbed into the bit wound from the louse

62
Q

Symptoms of typhus fever

A

prolonged fever and rash of red spots due to subcutaneous hemorrhaging

63
Q

What is typhus fever treated with?

A

tetracycline and chloramphenicol

64
Q

What bacteria causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

65
Q

Pathogen of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

spread by wood/dog ticks

66
Q

Symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

measles-like rash (palms and soles)

67
Q

Treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

tetracycline and chloramphenicol

68
Q

What virus causes Infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr virus

69
Q

Pathogen of Infectious mononucleosis

A

transmitted via saliva

70
Q

Symptoms of Infectious Mononucleosis

A

fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged spleen

71
Q

Autoimmune attack on the nervous system

A

Multiple sclerosis

72
Q

Tumors of the spleen, lymph nodes, and liver

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

73
Q

Cancer associated with Epstein-Barr virus

A

Nasopharyngeal cancer

74
Q

What bacteria causes Cytomegalovirus

A

Herpevirus 5

75
Q

Remains laten in WBC’s, infected cells swell (“owl eyes”)

A

Cytomegalovirus

76
Q

Transmitted across the placenta, causes mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns

A

Cytomegalic inclusion disease

77
Q

Pathogen of Cytomegalovirus

A

Transmitted sexually, via blood, saliva, or transplanted tissue

78
Q

What virus causes Ebola virus disease

A

Ebolavirus

79
Q

Pathogen of Ebola virus disease

A

reservoir in fruit bat, spread by contact with infected body fluids

80
Q

Symptoms of Ebola virus disease

A

Damaged blood vessels, interference with coagulation (mortality rate 90%)

81
Q

What bacteria causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?

A

Sin Nombre virus

82
Q

Symptoms of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

fatal pulmonary infection, lungs fill with fluid

83
Q

What bacteria causes Chagas disease

A

Trypanosome cruzi

84
Q

Bacteria found in rodents, opossums, and armadillos

A

Chagas disease

85
Q

Symptoms of Chagas disease

A

megaesophagus and megacolon, death due to heart damage

86
Q

What bacteria causes toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

87
Q

Pathogen of Toxoplasma gondii

A

undergoes sexual phase in cat intestines, contact with feces introduce oocysts to the intestines

88
Q

What is the primary dance of Toxoplasmosis?

A

Congenital Infection; stillbirth, neurological damage

89
Q

What bacteria causes Malaria?

A

Plasmodium Parasites

90
Q

How is Malaria transmitted?

A

Anopheles mosquitos

91
Q

Mildest and most prevalent form of malaria and dormant in the liver.

A

Plasmodium Vivax

92
Q

Benign Malaria and restricted geographically

A

Plasmodium oval and malaria

93
Q

Most deadly malaria causing severe anemia, blocking capillaries, affecting the kidneys, liver, and brain.

A

Plasmodium falciparum

94
Q

Pathogen of Malaria

A

Mosquito bite transmits sporozoite into the bloodstream, enters liver cells causing a release in merozoites

95
Q

Infect RBC’s and undergo schizogony

A

Merozoites

96
Q

Ruptures the infected RBC’s releasing toxic compounds, causing paroxysms of chills and fever

A

Schizogony

97
Q

Can develop into gametocytes and are taken up by a mosquito, repeated the cycle

A

Merozoites

98
Q

Disease that is difficult to develop a vaccine for because it rapidly mutates and evades an immune response.

A

Malaria

99
Q

Is difficult to diagnose without sophisticated equipment

A

Malaria

microbiology (4 decks)

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