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Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Circulates blood through the body’s tissues

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

Includes the heard, associated arteries, veins, and capillaries (delivers substances to and removes substances from the cells)

A

the Cardiovascular system

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3
Q

What happens when plasma leaves blood capillaries?

A

It becomes interstitial fluid

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4
Q

Transport interstitial fluid to lymph vessels and lymph nodes

A

Lymph capillaries

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5
Q

Contains fixed macrophages, B cells, and T cells

A

Lymph nodes

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6
Q

What are buboes?

A

Swollen lymph nodes

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7
Q

An acute illness due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the blood

A

Septicemia

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8
Q

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

A

Sepsis

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9
Q

Inflamed lymph vessels

A

Lymphangitis

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10
Q

Decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one organ

A

Severe sepsis

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11
Q

Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

A

Septic shock

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12
Q

What is another name for Gram (-) sepsis?

A

Endotoxin shock

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13
Q

Cause a severe drop in Blood Pressure

A

Endotoxins

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14
Q

What bacteria are most frequently involved in endotoxin shock?

A

Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q

Treatment for Gram (-) sepsis

A

Neutralizing the LPS components and inflammatory-causing cytokines

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16
Q

What is Gram (+) sepsis?

A

potent exotoxins that cause toxic shock syndrome

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17
Q

What are some examples of hospital acquired infections?

A

Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Group B streptococci

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18
Q

Also known as puerperal fever and childbirth fever

A

Puerperal Sepsis

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19
Q

What bacteria causes puerperal sepsis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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20
Q

Pathogen of streptococcus progenies

A

transmitted via childbirth; infects the uterus and progresses to an infection of the abdominal cavity

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21
Q

Inflammation of the endocardium

A

Endocarditis

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22
Q

Impairs the function of the heart valves

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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23
Q

What bacteria causes Acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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24
Q

Inflammation of the cat around the heart

A

Pericarditis

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25
An autoimmune complication of S. pyogenes infections
Rheumatic Fever
26
What does Sydenham's chorea cause?
Purposeless, involuntary movements
27
What bacteria causes Anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
28
Is a Gram (+), endospore-forming aerobic rod
Bacillus anthracis
29
How is Anthrax treated?
With ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
30
Is found in soil and primarily affects grazing animals
Anthrax
31
Pathogen of Anthrax
spores are taken in by macrophages and germinate bacteria enter the bloodstream and release toxins
32
Disease who's bacteria produce virulence factors
Anthrax
33
Binds the toxins to target cells, permitting entry (virulence factor)
Protective antigen
34
Causes local swelling and interferes with phagocytosis (virulence factor)
Edema toxin
35
Targets and kills macrophages (virulence factor)
Lethal toxin
36
Endospores enter through a minor cut, 20% mortality rate without treatment
Cutaneous anthrax
37
Ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food, >50% mortality rate
Gastrointestinal anthrax
38
Inhalation of endospores, progresses into septic shock, nearly 100% mortality rate
Inhalation (pulmonary) anthrax
39
Loss of blood supply to tissue
Ischemia
40
Death of tissue
Necrosis
41
Death of soft tissue
Gangrene
42
What bacteria causes Gas Gangrene?
Clostridium Perfringens
43
A gram (+), endospore-forming anaerobic rod
Clostridium Pefringens
44
Where does Gas Gangrene grow and what does it produce?
It grows in necrotic tissue and produces toxins that move along muscle bundles
45
How is Gas Gangrene treated?
surgical removal of necrotic tissue and/use of hyperbaric chamber
46
What bacteria causes Cat-scratch Disease?
Bartonella henselae (aerobic, Gram (-)
47
Pathogen of Cat-Scratch Disease
inhabits RBC's of cats, multiplies in the digestive system of cat fleas, and claws become contaminated
48
Forms a papule at the infection site and swollen lymph nodes
Cat-Scratch Disease
49
What bacteria causes the Plague?
Yersiniz Pestis (Gram (-), rod)
50
Bacterial growth in the blood and lymph, most common form (50-70% mortality rate)
Bubonic plague
51
Septic shock due to bacteria in the blood
Septicemic plague
52
Bacteria in the lungs (nearly 100% mortality rate)
Pneumonic plague
53
What bacteria causes Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdoferi
54
The most common tick borne disease in the United States
Lyme disease
55
The 1st phase of Lyme disease
Bulls-eye rash, flulike symptoms
56
The 2nd Phase of Lyme disease
Irregular heartbeat, encephalitis, facial paralysis, memory loss
57
The 3rd Phase of Lyme disease
Arthritis due to an immune response
58
What bacteria causes Typhus?
Rickettsia spp.
59
An obligate intracellular parasite that infects endothelial cells in the vascular system
Typhus
60
What bacteria causes Typhus fever?
Rickettsia prowasekii
61
Pathogen of typhus fever
transmitted when louse feces are rubbed into the bit wound from the louse
62
Symptoms of typhus fever
prolonged fever and rash of red spots due to subcutaneous hemorrhaging
63
What is typhus fever treated with?
tetracycline and chloramphenicol
64
What bacteria causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
Rickettsia rickettsii
65
Pathogen of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
spread by wood/dog ticks
66
Symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
measles-like rash (palms and soles)
67
Treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
tetracycline and chloramphenicol
68
What virus causes Infectious mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr virus
69
Pathogen of Infectious mononucleosis
transmitted via saliva
70
Symptoms of Infectious Mononucleosis
fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged spleen
71
Autoimmune attack on the nervous system
Multiple sclerosis
72
Tumors of the spleen, lymph nodes, and liver
Hodgkin's lymphoma
73
Cancer associated with Epstein-Barr virus
Nasopharyngeal cancer
74
What bacteria causes Cytomegalovirus
Herpevirus 5
75
Remains laten in WBC's, infected cells swell ("owl eyes")
Cytomegalovirus
76
Transmitted across the placenta, causes mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns
Cytomegalic inclusion disease
77
Pathogen of Cytomegalovirus
Transmitted sexually, via blood, saliva, or transplanted tissue
78
What virus causes Ebola virus disease
Ebolavirus
79
Pathogen of Ebola virus disease
reservoir in fruit bat, spread by contact with infected body fluids
80
Symptoms of Ebola virus disease
Damaged blood vessels, interference with coagulation (mortality rate 90%)
81
What bacteria causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?
Sin Nombre virus
82
Symptoms of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
fatal pulmonary infection, lungs fill with fluid
83
What bacteria causes Chagas disease
Trypanosome cruzi
84
Bacteria found in rodents, opossums, and armadillos
Chagas disease
85
Symptoms of Chagas disease
megaesophagus and megacolon, death due to heart damage
86
What bacteria causes toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasma gondii
87
Pathogen of Toxoplasma gondii
undergoes sexual phase in cat intestines, contact with feces introduce oocysts to the intestines
88
What is the primary dance of Toxoplasmosis?
Congenital Infection; stillbirth, neurological damage
89
What bacteria causes Malaria?
Plasmodium Parasites
90
How is Malaria transmitted?
Anopheles mosquitos
91
Mildest and most prevalent form of malaria and dormant in the liver.
Plasmodium Vivax
92
Benign Malaria and restricted geographically
Plasmodium oval and malaria
93
Most deadly malaria causing severe anemia, blocking capillaries, affecting the kidneys, liver, and brain.
Plasmodium falciparum
94
Pathogen of Malaria
Mosquito bite transmits sporozoite into the bloodstream, enters liver cells causing a release in merozoites
95
Infect RBC's and undergo schizogony
Merozoites
96
Ruptures the infected RBC's releasing toxic compounds, causing paroxysms of chills and fever
Schizogony
97
Can develop into gametocytes and are taken up by a mosquito, repeated the cycle
Merozoites
98
Disease that is difficult to develop a vaccine for because it rapidly mutates and evades an immune response.
Malaria
99
Is difficult to diagnose without sophisticated equipment
Malaria

Microbiology (4 decks)

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