Chapter 2.2Organisation And Management

Question 1

Organisational structure

Answer 1

Refers to the levels of management and division of responsibilities within a business (represented by an organisational chart with several levels of hierarchy)

Question 2

Organisational chart

Answer 2

Diagram that outlines management structure

Question 3

Chain of command

Answer 3

Structure in an organisation which allows instructions to be passed from senior management to lower levels of management

Question 4

Advantages and uses of an organisational chart

Answer 4

• everyone knows their position and know who they are accountable to and for
• gives everyone a sense of belonging (source of motivation -self esteem in Maslow’s theory)
• shows the links and relationships between diff departments

Question 5

Span of control

Answer 5

Number of subordinate working directly under a manager.

Span of control wider- chain of command shorter

Question 6

Advantages of short chain of command

Answer 6

• communication quicker and more accurate
• manages are less remote(faraway) from lower employees (top managers can stay in touch with employees-employees more motivated/t)
• span of control wider (managers will delegate more work to subordinates - subordinates more motivated and feel more trusted)

Question 7

Disadvantages for a wide span of control

Answer 7

Manager loses control of what subordinates are doing

Question 8

Staff manager

Answer 8

Specialists who provide support/info and assistance to line managers (eg:IT department)

Question 9

Director

Answer 9

Senior(higher in rank) managers who lead a particular department of a business

Question 10

Line manager

Answer 10

Direct responsibility for ppl below them( in the hierarchy of an organisation)

Question 11

Hierarchy

Answer 11

Refers to the levels of management in any organisation , from highest to the lowest

Question 12

Supervisor

Answer 12

Junior(lower in rank)managers who have direct control over the employees below them in an organisational structure

Question 13

Manager(may have diff titles-leader director headteacher) roles and function

Answer 13

• planning
• organising
• coordinating
• commanding
• controlling

Question 14

Planning

Answer 14

Setting aims and targets -gives a clear sense of purpose to department and employees

Planning for resources(land/finance/num of ppl needed) to achieve those targets

Question 15

Organising

Answer 15

Organising the resources-delegating responsibilities to employees

Question 16

Coordinating

Answer 16

Ensuring each department is coordinating with each other to achieve target (effective communication between them for decision making)

Question 17

Commanding

Answer 17

Guiding employees and making sure they are achieving their targets

Question 18

Controlling

Answer 18

Assessing and evaluating performance of each employee

Evaluating by , when business target failed to achieve-will correct it by adding training to employees or adding equipment needed

Question 19

Delegation

Answer 19

Giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks

Question 20

Delegation advantages for managers

Answer 20

• manager can split the work-can’t do all themselves

- can measure efficiency and effectiveness of subordinates work

Question 21

Delegation disadvantages for mangers

Answer 21

Might lose control over their work (-too much to control over)

Question 22

Delegation advantages for subordinates

Answer 22

• work more interesting (increases job satisfication)
• feel more important(increases loyalty to firm) (Maslow theory -self esteem)
• if done a good job, could add opportunities for training and promotion (rewarding)

Question 23

Why might a manager not want to delegate

Answer 23

• afraid subordinates will fail

- feel insecure that subordinate might do better than them

Question 24

What is leadership styles

Answer 24

Are the diff approaches to dealing with ppl and making decisions when in a position of authority

Question 25

Types of leadership styles

Answer 25

• autocratic leadership
• democratic leadership
• laiseez-faire leadership

Question 26

Autocratic leadership

Answer 26

Manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed
Decision making doesn’t involve employees at all

Question 27

Advantages of autocratic leadership

Answer 27

Quick decision making

During a crisis , quick decision making is essential

Question 28

Disadvantages for autocratic leadership

Answer 28

No opportunity for employees to input decisions - demotivating for them

Question 29

Democratic leadership

Answer 29

Managers involve employees in decision-making (final decision-manager)

-better in smaller companies (smaller num of ppl)

Question 30

Advantages for democratic leadership

Answer 30

• better decisions making

- motivating for employees

Question 31

Disadvantages for democratic leadership

Answer 31

Slower decision making

Question 32

Laissez-faire leadership

Answer 32

‘Leave to do’

Leaves employee to do their own decision-making and organise tasks .Manager-limited role to play

Question 33

Advantages for laissez-faire leadership

Answer 33

Encourages employees to show creativity(some businesses don’t need it) and responsibility

Question 34

Disadvantages for laissez-faire leadership

Answer 34

Not appropriate in organisation when a clear decision is needed

Question 35

Does a diff situation requires diff styles of leadership? Will a good manager try to adopt the diff styles of leadership and use what’s best depending on the situation ?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

Trade union

Answer 36

A group of employees who have joined the to ensure their interests are protected

• negotiate with employer for better conditions , threaten to take industrial action(refusing to work overtime, go slow in work , strike- refusing to work and protest)
• seek to put forward their views to media

Question 37

Advantages for trade union

Answer 37

Improved conditions of employment- better pay/holidays /work hours

Sense of belonging (social needs-Maslow theory)

Improved benefit for those workers not working - sick/retired/made redundant(dismissed due to a fault not cauased by them)

Protecting workers’ rights

Financial support-when someone thinks he is unfairly treated

More influencial (as there is a huge num of ppl)

Question 38

Disadvantages for trade union

Answer 38

• costs money(membership fee)

- may be asked to take industrial action even when they disagree with the union