Chapter 22 Test (1-10) Flashcards
Ichthyosaurs were aquatic dinosaurs. Fossils show us that they had dorsal fins and tails, as do fish, even though their closest relatives were terrestrial reptiles that had neither dorsal fins nor aquatic tails. The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are
A) homologous.
B) adaptations to a common environment.
C) examples of convergent evolution.
D) Three of the responses above are correct.
E) Two of the responses above are correct
E) Two of the responses above are correct
Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals?
A) analogous; homologous
B) analogous; analogous
C) homologous; homologous
D) homologous; analogous
D) homologous; analogous
Which of the following would you expect to occur in a captive population of guppies collected from Trinidad, if you allowed them to breed for many generations in an aquarium without any predators?
A) Female guppies will become more brightly colored.
B) The number of dull-colored male guppies will eventually equal the number of brightly colored males.
C) Female guppies will prefer to mate with the dull-colored males.
D) Male guppies that are brightly colored will have better reproductive success than dull males.
D) Male guppies that are brightly colored will have better reproductive success than dull males.
Darwin realized that most species produce many more offspring than is necessary to maintain a constant population. The “excess” individuals in a population:
A) die before they can reproduce.
B) evolve to become new species.
C) mutate and are able to adapt to new environments.
D) migrate to another location.
A) die before they can reproduce.
Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?
A) bones in the hind limb of a kangaroo
B) cartilage in the dorsal fin of a shark
C) bones in the flipper of a whale
D) bony rays in the tail fin of a flying fish
E) chitinous struts in the wing of a butterfly
C) bones in the flipper of a whale
Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree?
A) None of the organisms depicted by the tree ate the same foods.
B) Transitional fossils had not been found.
C) The skeletal remains of the organisms depicted by the tree were incomplete (in other words, some bones were missing).
D) Relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns.
E) Some of the organisms depicted by the tree had lived in different habitats.
D) Relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns.
Which statement illustrates Lamarck’s theory on the mechanism of evolution?
A) Giraffes with longer necks survived and reproduced faster because they could reach a better food source.
B) A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald.
C) Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to reproduce.
D) Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in shaded areas.
E) Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful plumage.
B) A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald.
Which of the following is a fitness trade-off?
A) In some hornbill species, the male helps seal the female in a tree with her nest until the young are ready to fledge.
B) Moths are the best pollinators for datura flowers, but bees are the best pollinators for orchids.
C) Algal genotypes that can grow rapidly in nitrogen-limited environments are easier for predators to digest.
D) Some lemmings run into the sea when overgrazing threatens the species.
C) Algal genotypes that can grow rapidly in nitrogen-limited environments are easier for predators to digest.
Which organism is least likely to survive to reproduce?
A) a dark-furred rodent that comes out only at night
B) a plant that has a sweet flavor before it flowers
C) a flower that produces a scent that attracts bees
D) a shrub that produces a toxin in its flower buds that repels deer
E) a seahorse that mimics the weeds in which it lives
B) a plant that has a sweet flavor before it flowers
Evidence that supports the theory of evolution is found in the studies of:
A) fossils.
B) embryos, biochemistry, fossils, and artificial selection.
C) embryos.
D) biochemistry.
E) artificial selection.
B) embryos, biochemistry, fossils, and artificial selection.
