Chapter 22: Medical tech Flashcards
1
Q
Artificial limbs info
A
- Replacement device for a body part.
- Bionic; artificial substitute for body part.
- Bionic; can be used like a normal arm if functional nerve endings exists.
- Increase mobility, general use.
- Cost
- Need for functional nerve endings restricts # of amputee patients it can help. -Arm
- Leg
- ‘Capua’; Roman leg, 300 BCE
2
Q
Artificial joints info
A
- Strong, artificial joints of steel, plastic that can replace diseased, natural ones.
- Treat arthritis in damaged joints.
- Greater mobility, less pain, lifestyle freedom –Damage to blood and nerve vessels.
- Infection, blood clots. -Knees
- Hips
- Ankle
- Shoulder
3
Q
Bionic eye info
A
-Use electrical impulses to carry sensory impulses into the brain, via a silicon decoder chip.
-Recognise shapes and directions of movement.
-Neglible;
Surgery side effects, battery life? -Human eye
-Special glasses
4
Q
Bionic ear info
A
- Cochlear implant, Bypasses damaged part of ear, sends sound directly to the auditory nerve. -Improvement of hearing.
- Improve quality of life.
- Surgery side effects, battery life?
- Cochlear implant.
5
Q
Pacemaker info
A
- Artificial machine; regulate heart rate.
- Engage in mid-heavy exercise.
- Quality of life improve.
- Issues with airport security??
- Surgery side effects
- heart pacemaker.
6
Q
Dietary supplements info
A
- Pill/capsule to supply nutrients. -PPl who need extra nutrients eg vegan, pregnant women, elderly.
- Not as good as normal food.
- Fish oil
- Multi-vitamin
7
Q
Fortified food info
A
- Nutrients deliberately added to food.
- Voluntary and mandatory. -Preventing/reducing incidents of disease-> adding vitamins, acids, etc.
- Bread; Vitamin B
- Cheese, milk, vitamin D
8
Q
Pharamcuticals info
A
- Chemical substances used in treatment, cure prevention or diagnosis of disease.
- Cure, treatment, prevent or diagnose various diseases. -Depends on drug used; vary from light-serious side effects.
- Insulin
- Sedative
- Iodine
- Glucosamine.
9
Q
Pharmacogenomics info
A
- Effects of genetic variations on the way patients respond to chemical substances.
- Improve effectiveness of drug therapy.
- Reduce risk of adverse reaction and drugs. -Cost?
- Field of study involved with disease treatment
10
Q
Tissue regeneration info
A
- Growing new tissue to repair damaged organs, tissue.
- Repair damaged/diseased tissue, such as skin, bone, cartilage and some heart defects.
- Body may reject new tissue.
- Three conditions need to be met; 1st-world only.
- Spray-on skin.
- Epithelial cells for eye corneas.
11
Q
Stem cells info
A
- Embryonic and adult stem cells.
- Source of cells used to produce new tissues. -Capable of repeating division by mitosis.
- Can differentiate.
- Treat many kinds of disease/injury
- Immune response.
- Where to get cells? Ethics.
12
Q
Physiotherapy info
A
- Physical therapy; massage exercise. Application of scientific body knowledge to help ppl.
- Restore normal body function.
- Walking, running, movement.
- Exercise
- Massage
- Body movements
- Stretches
- Education on muscles.
13
Q
Euthanasia
A
Deliberate termination of life for merciful reasons
14
Q
Arguments for voluntary euthanasia
A
- Choice is a fundamental right in a democracy
- Patients can only decide whether suffering is worse than death
- high cost and human resources needed to keep seriously ill ppl alive
- Patients shown more respect if they are allowed to euthanise instead of living against their will
15
Q
Arguments against Voluntary euthanasia
A
- Religious beliefs involving suicide, ‘life is sacred’
- Cause of suffering may become treatable in the future
- Euthanasia may fail and the person may suffer worse
- Doctors and nurses trained to protect life; goes against their guidelines when helping someone to die.
- Stress of suffering may mean a person doesn’t make a rational decision.
- Ppl could be pressed into Euthanasia to reduce costs/convenience.
