Chapter 13: The Skeleton Flashcards
Functions of the skeleton
- Protect organs
- Manufacture red blood cells-> red marrow
- Storage of inorganic salts/minerals
- Lever system against which muscles can move
- Shape and support of the body
Functions of the skeleton
- Protect organs
- Manufacture red blood cells-> red marrow
- Storage of inorganic salts/minerals
- Lever system against which muscles can move
- Shape and support of the body
Types of joints
- Fibrous/immovable: no movement b/w joints- immovable. Ex: skull
- Cartilaginous/slightly moveable joints: Allows slight movement. Ex: junction b/w two pelvic bones, ribs and sternum.
- Synovial/freely moving: Ex: Wrist, knee, hip, to, shoulder, elbow.
osteoporosis
A condition where bone becomes weaker and brittle, usually due to a loss of bone mass in age.
As people age, bone mass is lost faster than its created.
Prevention: Don’t smoke, adequate vitamin D, calcium, exercise.
osteoarthritis def. and info
A condition where protective cartilage wears down over time. Due to age/excessive wear or tear or sports injuries.
Treatment: Physiotherapy for muscles, joint-replacement surgery, pain creams. Prevention is similar to Osteoporosis.
Movements of joints
- Extension: Increase angle at a joint
- Flexion: decrease angle of a joint
- Abduction: take away from the body
- Adduction: Movement towards body
- Rotation: Movement of a bone around it’s long axis.
Types of synovial joints
- Ball and socket
- gliding
- Hinge
- pivot
- saddle
osteoporosis def. and info
A condition where bone becomes weaker and brittle, usually due to a loss of bone mass in age.
As people age, bone mass is lost faster than its created.
Prevention: Don’t smoke, adequate vitamin D, calcium, exercise.
Types of synovial joints
- Ball and socket
- gliding
- Hinge
- pivot
- saddle
Structure of a synovial joint terms
- Synovial cavity
- Synovial membrane
- Articular cartilage
- Articular discs
- Fibrous capsule
- Accessory ligaments
- Bursae
Articular cartilage and discs definition
- Articular cartilage: Covers bone ends; allows a smooth surface for movement.
- Articular discs: In some synovial joints. Knee; there are menisci→ divide the synovial cavity into 2 and allows fluid to go to were it’s most needed; area of greatest friction.
Synovial cavity and membrane definition
- Synovial cavity: space b/w surfaces of the bones
- Synovial membrane: loose connective tissue; lines up the entire synovial cavity and has good blood supply. Inner layer.
Fibrous capsule, Bursae and accessory ligaments
- Fibrous capsule: dense, fibrous connective tissue, outer layer, strength to resist dislocation and flexibility to allow joint movement.
- Bursue: Sacs of synovial fluid, positioned to prevent friction from b/w a bone and ligaments/bone/tendons/skin.
- Accessory ligaments: Hold bones together in many joints EX Knee.
Cartilage
Flexible connective tissue; made up of Collagen and Chondrin matrix
Cartilage
- Flexible connective tissue; made up of Collagen and Chondrin matrix.
- No blood supply; harder than muscle but weaker than bone.
