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Respiratory- Cecil > Chapter 22- Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 22- Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bacterial organisms causing pulmonary infections?

A 
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Legionella sp.
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram-negative bacilli
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2
Q

What are the atypical organism causing pulmonary infections?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetii

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3
Q

What are the virus organisms causing pulmonary infections?

A

Influenza virus

Hantavirus

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4
Q

What percentage of community acquired pulmonary infections are caused by bacterial organisms and which one causes the most?

A

70-80%

Strep pneumo

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5
Q

What percentage of nosocomial pulmonary infections are caused by bacterial organisms and which one causes the most?

A

90%

Legionella sp

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6
Q

What percentage of community acquired pulmonary infections are caused by atypical organisms and which one causes the most?

A

10-20%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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7
Q

What percentage of nosocomial pulmonary infections are caused by atypical organisms and which one causes the most?

A

Rare

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8
Q

What percentage of community acquired pulmonary infections are caused by viral organisms?

A

10-20%

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9
Q

What percentage of nosocomial pulmonary infections are caused by viral organisms and which one causes the most?

A

Rare

Influenza (8%)

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10
Q

Who is prophylaxis indicated in regardless of age for TB if the PPD is 5mm?

A

Close contacts recently dx w/ TB
HIV positive or HIV risk factors
Fibrotic changes on chest radiograph

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11
Q

Who is prophylaxis indicated in regardless of age for TB if the PPD is 10mm?

A 
Diabetes mellitus
Immunosupression
Hematologic malignancy
Injection drug use
Renal failure 
Malnutrion
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12
Q

Who is prophylaxis indicated in if >35 y/o for TB if the PPD is 10mm?

A

PPD increased >10mm within 2 years
Native or high prevalence country
High-risk ethnic minorities
Residents and staff of long-term care facilities

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13
Q

Who is prophylaxis indicated in regardless of age for TB if the PPD is 15mm?

A

PPD increased >15 within 2 years

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14
Q

Who is prophylaxis indicated in if >35 y/o for TB if the PPD is 15mm?

A

No risk factors

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15
Q

___________ is the 6th leading cause of death.

A

Pneumonia

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16
Q

What are common symptoms of pneumonia?

A

cough, dyspnea, CP, occasionally hemoptysis

Less specific: fever, malaise, myalgias, weight loss

17
Q

This type of pneumonia is common in the winter and in extreme ages. It is most commonly caused by STREP PNEUMO

A

CAP

18
Q

S/S of CAP include?

A

URI, fever, SHAKING CHILLS, dyspnea, PLEURISY

Cough with rust colored purulent sputum

19
Q

When is mycoplasma pneumoniae common cause of CAP and what are it’s symptoms?

A

ages 5-35 y/o

S/s: dry cough, fever, GI symptoms, HA, myalgias

20
Q

What are diagnostics for CAP?

A

Chest Xray (shows alveolar consolidation) and CBC

21
Q

Treatment of CAP

A

Macrolid x 7-10 days

22
Q

3 types of nosocomial pneumonia

A

VAP
HAP
HCAP

23
Q

pneumonia occurring 48-72 hours after intubation

A

VAP

24
Q

pneumonia occurring >48 hours after hospital admission

A

HAP

25
Q

Treatment of nosocomial pneumonia

A

beta lactam (or cephalosporin) + aminoglycoside (or quinolone)

Vancomycin if MRSA

26
Q

2 complications of pneumonia

A

parapneumonic effusion (neutrophilic exudative effusion adjacent to lung with pneumonia)

Lung abscess (major risk factor is aspiration)

27
Q

Primary characteristic of TB

A

lymphadenopathy

28
Q

4 drugs to treat TB

A

isoniazid
rifampin
ethaambutol
pyrazinamide

29
Q

Opportunistic fungus that occurred in malnourished premature infants and adults with hematologic malignancy undergoing chemotherapy in AIDS era

A

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

30
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia S/S

A

nonproductive cough, fever, dyspnea, weight loss

slowly progressive

31
Q

Major risk factor of Pneumocystis Pneumonia

A

HIV

32
Q

Treatment/prophylaxis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia

A

TMP/SMZ or pentamidine, corticosteroids if severe

Respiratory- Cecil (16 decks)

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