Chapter 22- Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What are the bacterial organisms causing pulmonary infections?
Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Legionella sp. Staphylococcus aureus Gram-negative bacilli
What are the atypical organism causing pulmonary infections?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetii
What are the virus organisms causing pulmonary infections?
Influenza virus
Hantavirus
What percentage of community acquired pulmonary infections are caused by bacterial organisms and which one causes the most?
70-80%
Strep pneumo
What percentage of nosocomial pulmonary infections are caused by bacterial organisms and which one causes the most?
90%
Legionella sp
What percentage of community acquired pulmonary infections are caused by atypical organisms and which one causes the most?
10-20%
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What percentage of nosocomial pulmonary infections are caused by atypical organisms and which one causes the most?
Rare
What percentage of community acquired pulmonary infections are caused by viral organisms?
10-20%
What percentage of nosocomial pulmonary infections are caused by viral organisms and which one causes the most?
Rare
Influenza (8%)
Who is prophylaxis indicated in regardless of age for TB if the PPD is 5mm?
Close contacts recently dx w/ TB
HIV positive or HIV risk factors
Fibrotic changes on chest radiograph
Who is prophylaxis indicated in regardless of age for TB if the PPD is 10mm?
Diabetes mellitus Immunosupression Hematologic malignancy Injection drug use Renal failure Malnutrion
Who is prophylaxis indicated in if >35 y/o for TB if the PPD is 10mm?
PPD increased >10mm within 2 years
Native or high prevalence country
High-risk ethnic minorities
Residents and staff of long-term care facilities
Who is prophylaxis indicated in regardless of age for TB if the PPD is 15mm?
PPD increased >15 within 2 years
Who is prophylaxis indicated in if >35 y/o for TB if the PPD is 15mm?
No risk factors
___________ is the 6th leading cause of death.
Pneumonia
What are common symptoms of pneumonia?
cough, dyspnea, CP, occasionally hemoptysis
Less specific: fever, malaise, myalgias, weight loss
This type of pneumonia is common in the winter and in extreme ages. It is most commonly caused by STREP PNEUMO
CAP
S/S of CAP include?
URI, fever, SHAKING CHILLS, dyspnea, PLEURISY
Cough with rust colored purulent sputum
When is mycoplasma pneumoniae common cause of CAP and what are it’s symptoms?
ages 5-35 y/o
S/s: dry cough, fever, GI symptoms, HA, myalgias
What are diagnostics for CAP?
Chest Xray (shows alveolar consolidation) and CBC
Treatment of CAP
Macrolid x 7-10 days
3 types of nosocomial pneumonia
VAP
HAP
HCAP
pneumonia occurring 48-72 hours after intubation
VAP
pneumonia occurring >48 hours after hospital admission
HAP
Treatment of nosocomial pneumonia
beta lactam (or cephalosporin) + aminoglycoside (or quinolone)
Vancomycin if MRSA
2 complications of pneumonia
parapneumonic effusion (neutrophilic exudative effusion adjacent to lung with pneumonia)
Lung abscess (major risk factor is aspiration)
Primary characteristic of TB
lymphadenopathy
4 drugs to treat TB
isoniazid
rifampin
ethaambutol
pyrazinamide
Opportunistic fungus that occurred in malnourished premature infants and adults with hematologic malignancy undergoing chemotherapy in AIDS era
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Pneumocystis Pneumonia S/S
nonproductive cough, fever, dyspnea, weight loss
slowly progressive
Major risk factor of Pneumocystis Pneumonia
HIV
Treatment/prophylaxis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia
TMP/SMZ or pentamidine, corticosteroids if severe
