Chapter 22

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

carry electrical and chemical messages to and from the brain

Question 2

Nerves

Answer 2

are bundles of neurons transmitting the electrical signal or nerve impulse through the body

Question 3

Nerve Impulse

Answer 3

electrochemical signal that controls the activities of muscles, glands, organs, and organ systems

Question 4

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 4

composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 5

is composed of all other nervous tissue other than CNS

Question 6

Effectors

Answer 6

the tissues that respond to the impulses from the neurons

Question 7

Neurotransmitters

Answer 7

one of many chemicals released by the presypnaptic neuron in the synapse, which then diffuse across the synapse and bind to receptors on the membrane of the postsypnaptic neuron

Question 8

Sensory Neurons

Answer 8

a neuron that conducts impulses from a sense organ to the central nervous system

Question 9

Motor Neurons

Answer 9

neuron that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands

Question 10

Interneurons

Answer 10

a neuron located between sensory and motor neurons that functions to integrate sensory input and motor output

Question 11

Sensory Receptors

Answer 11

a neuron that conducts impulses from a sense organ to the central nervous system

Question 12

General Senses

Answer 12

are temperature, pain, touch, pressure, and body position

Question 13

Special Senses

Answer 13

are smell, taste, equilibrium, hearing , and vision

Question 14

Spinal Cord

Answer 14

is the pathway of nerve impulse flow to and from the brain

Question 15

Vertebrae

Answer 15

protect the spinal cord

Question 16

Reflex Arc

Answer 16

nerve pathway followed during a reflex consisting of a sensory receptor, a sensory neuron, an interneuron, a motor neuron, and an effector

Question 17

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 17

protective liquid bath that surrounds the brain within the skull

Question 18

Glial Cells

Answer 18

a type of cells within the brain that does not carry messages but rather supports neurons by supplying nutrients, repairing the brain after injury, and attacking invading bacteria

Question 19

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 19

deeply wrinkled outer surface of the cerebrum where conscious activity and higher thought originate

Question 20

Cerebellum

Answer 20

controls balance, muscle movement, and coordination

Question 21

Midbrain

Answer 21

deals with auditory and visual reflexes

Question 22

Pons

Answer 22

relays messages between brain and spinal cord

Question 23

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 23

controls heart rate and respiration rate

Question 24

Myelin Sheath

Answer 24

protective layer that coats many axons, formed by supporting cells such as Schwann cells. The myelin sheath increases the speed at which the electrochemical impulse travels down the axon

Question 25

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 25

small indentation separating segments of the myelin sheath. Nerve impulses “jump” successively from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 26

Schwann Cells

Answer 26

forms the myelin sheath in the PNS

Question 27

White Matter

Answer 27

is composed of myelinated neurons

Question 28

Gray Matter

Answer 28

is composed of unmyelinated neurons

Question 29

Synaptic Transmission

Answer 29

neurons communicate chemically across the synapse