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UHD Exam 5 > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

myotrauma (muscle strain)

A

injury to muscle or tendon

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2
Q

symptoms of muscle strain

A
  • pain
  • redness and or bruising
  • limited mobility
  • muscle weakness
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3
Q

how does the skeletal muscle repair itself?

A

satellite cells

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4
Q

how long does a muscle strain heal?

A

8-10 weeks

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5
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

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6
Q

muscle tests

A
  • muscle biopsy
  • electromyography
  • lab tests (creatine kinase elevation = problem)
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7
Q

classifications of muscle disorders

A
  • myopathic
  • neurogenic
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8
Q

myopathy

A

neuromuscular diseases in which the muscle fibers do not function for multiple reasons, resulting in muscular weakness

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9
Q

acquired myopathy

A
  • infections
  • inflammation
  • endocrine/metabolic
  • alcohol
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10
Q

hereditary/genetic myopathy

A

mutations or deletions of genes coding for parts of a muscle

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11
Q

inflammatory myopathy

A

inflammation of a muscle

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12
Q

muscular dystrophies

A

group of disorders that cause degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers

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13
Q

what are the skeletal muscles replaced with in muscular dystrophy?

A

fat and fibrous tissue

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14
Q

what does muscular dystrophy cause?

A

progressive, symmetric weakness, and wasting of skeletal muscle groups (extremities/heart)

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15
Q

what is the most common type of muscular dystrophy?

A

duchenne

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16
Q

is duchenne muscular dystrophy sex linked?

A

yes, x-linked recessive (only males can get)

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17
Q

what gene is mutated in duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

dystrophin, affected muscle cells begin to die because of damage to the membrane

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18
Q

how does duchenne muscular dystrophy present?

A

normal at birth, manifestations appear by 3 years of age

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19
Q

manifestations of duchenne muscular dystrophy

A
  • slow motor development
  • progressive weakness
  • muscle wasting
  • sitting and standing are delayed
  • clumsy, falls frequently, difficulty climbing stairs
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20
Q

what is a common feature in kids with duchenne?

A

enlarged calves

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21
Q

when do kids become wheelchair bound?

A

8-12

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22
Q

what is the life span for a person with duchenne?

A

12-20 years, die from respiratory insufficiency or pneumonia

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23
Q

inflammatory degenerative diseases are the..

A

largest group of acquired and potentially treatable causes of skeletal muscle weakness

24
Q

myogenic causes

A
  • infectious
  • immune
  • metabolic
  • other (radiation, ischemia)
25
chronic inflammatory myopathy
autoimmune disease disorders
26
symptoms of chronic inflammatory myopathy
- progressive muscle weakness - elevated CK levels - systemic inflammation (elevated CRP)
27
polymyositis
muscle only, lymphocyte infiltration
28
dermatomyositis
muscle and skin, characteristic rash of eyelids, face, and upper chest
29
metabolic myopathy
metabolic disease causing muscle weakness
30
mcardles disease
glycogen storage disease, defect of myophosphorylase
31
when does mcardles disease manifest?
childhood and adolescence
32
symptoms of mcardles disease
- exercise intolerance - painful muscle cramps - myoglobinuria
33
rhabdomyolysis
dissolving of skeletal muscle
34
where do the damaged skeletal muscle fragments go in rhabdomyolysis?
leak myoglobin into the plasma, cause orange/brown urine
35
what does excess myoglobin in the plasma cause?
- nephrotoxicity: toxic to kidneys, lead to acute renal failure - tubular obstruction
36
what are myoglobinuria symptoms similar to?
hematuria and hemoglobinuria
37
rhabdomyolysis pathophysiology
- hyperkalemia - acute renal failure - reduction in blood volume
38
third spacing
- fluid sequestration in damaged tissue - dehydration - decreased blood flow to kidneys
39
neurogenic disorders
disorders of neuromuscular transmission
40
myasthenia gravis
failure of neuromuscular transmission, muscle weakness that is typically aggravated by repeated contraction
41
etiology of myasthenia gravis
blockage and destruction of acetylcholine receptors by autoantibody
42
is myasthenia gravis an organ specific autoimmune disease?
yes
43
in myasthenia gravis, antibodies are made against what?
acetylcholine
44
what skeletal muscles are affected first in myasthenia gravis?
eye muscles, smallest motor units first
45
what other muscles can be affected with myasthenia gravis?
facial muscles, limb, respiratory - facial expression - swallowing - drooling - speech impairment - generalized weakness
46
diagnostic testing for myasthenia gravis
- tensilon test (will increase muscle strength) - EMG: decrease in amplitude of muscle action potentials when muscle is subjected to repeated voluntary contraction - serum assay for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody
47
treatment for myasthenia gravis
- immunosuppressives, cholinesterase inhibitors - thymectomy
48
prognosis of myasthenia gravis
normal life expectancy
49
rhabdomyoma
very rare benign tumor of skeletal muscle
50
rhadomyosarcoma
rare malignant tumor of skeletal muscle
51
where do rhadomyosarcomas most commonly occur?
anywhere, more common in head, neck and genitourinary tract
52
is rhadomyosarcoma more common in children or adults?
children, soft tissue, superficial or deep
53
flaccid paralysis
- reduced muscle tone - typically lower motor neuron
54
spastic paralysis
- hypertonia - nerves hyperirritable - uncoordinated movement
55
hemiplegia
one sided paralysis
56
hemiparesis
weakness on one half

UHD Exam 5 (5 decks)

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