Chapter 22 Flashcards
what were reformers that had several goals for fixing urban problems, improving government, and regulating business called?
Progressives
What did progressives believe?
That the government and big businesses were taking advantage of people rather than serving them.
What was one very powerful group during the time of progressives?
The Political Machines
What did the political machines control?
Local government, jobs, and services in the city.
What were some traits of the Political Machines?
They were corrupt and found ways to make money illegally.
They would accept bribes from landlords to overlook violations of city codes, take money from companies that hoped to do business in the city, and also receive kickbacks or illegal payments. Who did this?
The political machines.
Under systems like the political machines what happened in government?
People in government would give their friends or people they wanted in office jobs.
What was it called when leaders gave government jobs and other favors to their political supporters?
patronage
What was the Pendleton act?
Set up the Civil Service Commission to give tests to federal jobs.
What does the Sherman Act say?
Outlaws every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of trade, and any monopolization, attempted monopolization, or conspiracy or combination to monopolize.
What is an oligopoly?
A group of businesses agreeing to limit competition and raise their prices to make larger profits.
What was the interstate commerce act?
It required railroads to charge and publish “reasonable and just” prices.
What is a tariff
A tax on imported goods
What was the goal of tariffs?
They believed that making imported goods more costly would be less appealing to buy than goods made at home.
What does socialism believe?
that government should own resources and operate major industries on behalf of all the people.
What is progressivism?
An urban, middle‐class reform movement, supported the government taking a greater role in addressing such issues as the control of big business and the welfare of the public.
What is an initiative?
The right of voters to place an issue on the ballot in the state elections.
What are referendums and what caused them?
Gave voters the opportunity to accept or reject laws and initiatives caused them.
What is a recall?
Allows voters to remove incompetent elected officials.
What does the 17th amendment say?
The direct election of senators by the people.
When did the campaign for women’s suffrage start?
Decades before the civil war
In 1848 what did mostly women, and some men do?
They gathered in Seneca Falls, New York to discuss the problem of women’s rights
In 1850, what happened to the WSM?
It gained steam but slowly declined before the civil war.
What does the 15th amendment state?
It gave all men the right to vote but not women
After the 15th amendment, what did most women believe?
That this was their chance to push lawmakers into universal suffrage
What was the NAWSM plan?
To blitz a campaign that mobilized state and local suffrage organizations all over the country, peacefully.
What was the National Women’s party’s plan?
Be more violent and get publicity doing rebellious acts.
What happened on August 26, 1920?
The 19th amendment was ratified.
What was Susan B Anthony also doing while fighting for women’s rights? This also inspired her to get into women’s rights.
Campaigning against alcohol
What happened that pushed her even more into politics?
She was denied being able to speak at a temperance convention because she was a woman.
What did Anthony realize about women?
No one would take them seriously in politics unless they had the right to vote.
What is Anthony do in 1872?
Voted illegally in an election
What society was Stanton president of?
NAWSA
What did she call for?
An amendment that would give women the right to vote.
What was the temperance movement?
A crusade against alcohol.
What did the temperance movement create the idea of?
prohibition laws that would ban the making or selling of alcohol in the United States
What did the 18th amendment state?
prohibited the selling of alcohol
What did the 21st amendment do?
overturned the 18th amendment.
What did Theodore Roosevelt do after Harvard?
Got elected into the New York State Assembly, he was 23, he served 2 terms.
What did Theodore do after NY?
Moved to a ranch in Dakota Territory.
What did TR do in Dakota?
he hunted big game, drive cattle, and worked as a frontier sheriff.
What did TR do in 1886
ran for mayor of New York City and lost, but was rewarded a job in the U.S. Civil Service Commission
What did TR do in 1887
he became the assistant secretary of the U.S. Navy
What did TR do at the start of the Spanish-American war?
stepped down form his position to become a colonel of the First U. S. Volunteer Cavalry… they would be known as the Rough Riders.
What happened to TR in 1900?
He was elected to run with Mckinley
What was special about TR taking office?
He was the youngest person ever in office at 42 not youngest elected though.
Why did TR not run again in 1908?
No president had ever served more than 2 terms
What is the Bryan hospital named after?
William Jennings Bryan
President Taft supported the 16th amendment which did what?
Taxed people’s incomes.
Why did Woodrow Wilson lower tariffs?
He hoped competition with foreign countries would lower prices.
WW passed the Federal Reserve Act, what was it?
federal reserve act caused banks to follow rules made by a board
WW passed the Federal Trade commission, what was it?
to investigate corporations of unfair trade practices
WW passed the Keating and Owen act, what was it
banned goods produced by child labor from being sold in interstate commerce- this would later be struck down as unconstitutional.
In the 1800’s the majority of people who were born in america were who
White protestants
What is discrimination
unequal treatment because of race religion ethnic backgrounds, or place of birth
What was APA
American Protective Assosiation was an anti catholic group
What were three places that Jews faced discrimination
schools employers and property owners
What was the reason for so many Asian immigrants immigrating to American
To get away from prejudice resentment
What effects did the Gentleman’s Agreement have
Cut Japanese immigration to the US and damaged Japanese-American relations
At this time period where did most African Americans live
south
What is segregation
Separation of groups
What did “ Plessy Vs. Ferguson” do to american society
Separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites
How many african americans were killed during 1893 and 1907 in america by racial groups
2600
what groups of people were not allowed to join trade unions during the late 1800s early 1900s? Why was this the case?
African Americans, women, and immigrants, cause skilled laborers could obtain better working conditions.
The blank led to the creation of the blank.
Niagra Movement and National Assosiation for the advancement of colored people
What did Ida B. Wells try to stop? Was she successful?
To stop lynching no, but lynchings significantly declined
What were mutualistas
aid groups
What were barrios
Mexican neighborhoods
