American History 2 Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
What started the Compromise of 1820?
Missouri was admitted as a slave state (offset the balance)
What were the two parts of the Compromise of 1850?
Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
Created the 36 by 30 parallel which was an imaginary line any states above the line were free states and any states below were slave states.
What were the five main points of the Compromise of 1850?
Admitting California as a free state
- Created Utah and New Mexico territories with the question of slavery in each to be determined by popular sovereignty
- Settled a texas New Mexico boundary dispute
- Ending the slave trade in Washington D.C.
- Set up stricter Fugitive Slave Laws
What were the four outcomes of the Fugitive Slave Laws?
Denied slaves the right to a jury trial
Forced citizens to assist southern slave owners in finding their runaway slaves
Freed slaves were being sent back to the south
Found slaves must be returned to their owners
What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
Freed slaves in seceded territories
What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do? What idea did it set up?
Repealed the Missouri Compromise, and created two new territories.
Set up the idea of popular sovereignty when determining whether the state was a free or slave state
What happened during the election of 1860? How many votes did Lincoln receive?
Lincoln won by 40% (beat the other 3 candidates) South Carolina succeeded in the Union ( 7 other states followed)
What was the Reconstruction Era?
This task of rebuilding the former confederate states and readmitting them to the union was called reconstruction.
What was Lincoln’s view on punishing the South after the Civil War?
He did not want to!
What were the beliefs of the radical republican party after the Civil War?
- The abolishing of slavery
- The enlistment of black troops
- The total enfranchisement of freed slaves after the civil war.
(conservatives did not think freed slaves should have all of the rights)
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
The goal of this organization was to help African Americans adjust to life after they had been freed.
Who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln?
Southern sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.
What were the Black Codes? What were some examples of them?
The Black Codes were laws designed to help control newly freed African American people.
- Making it illegal for African Americans to own land or rent farms
- Made it easy for white employers to take advantage of African American workers.
- Allowed officers to arrest any African American who did not have jobs.
13th amendment
Abolishment of slavery
14th amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens.
15th amendment
African American men get the right to vote.
16th amendment
tax on income
17th amendment
direct election of senators
18th amendment
prohibition of alcohol
19th amedment
Women get the right to vote
What is sharecropping?
Sharecropping is a system of farming in which a farmer works the land for an owner who provides equipment and seed and receives a share of the crop.
Who was president after Grant?
Abraham Lincoln
What is segregation?
The separation of groups
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Gave us Texas and Mexico would agree to sell us California, Oregon, and Washington for 15 million.
What were boomtowns? What were some of the issues with them?
Towns that seemed to pop up overnight near these mining sites
1. They didn’t really have laws or law enforcement.
2. Most people who made money quickly would spend it or gamble it away.
3. Violence was common and lots of people carried guns and lots of cash everywhere they went.
4. In many of these boomtowns, once the gold or silver was gone, the population left as fast as they arrived.
What form of transportation was vital for the West’s survival?
Railroads
In 1833, the American Railway Association created what?
Time Zones
What were the Homestead act and the three things that took place for settlers?
It encouraged people to settle on the great plains
- Gave each family 160 acres
- They had to pay a 10-dollar filing fee
- They had to live on the land for 3 years
What were hardships that people faced when settling in the Great Plains?
Building a house, brush fires, grasshoppers, rain, bugs, and winter
Who were the Sodbusters?
New settlers that had to find innovative ways to farm.
What was the Oklahoma Land Rush?
People lined up on the Oklahoma border with stakes and once a cannon blew they ran into Oklahoma and claimed their land. People who snuck in early were called the sooners
What was the Indian Removal Act and where did they send non assimilated Native Americans?
Americans trying to get native Americans to assimilate into white culture. They sent them west of the Mississippi river.
What is assimilation?
The process of becoming similar to something
What general died at the Battle of Little Bighorn?
General Custer
What did the Dawes Act give to Native Americans? How long did they have to prove they could be self-sufficient farmers? What would happen to their land if they couldn’t become self-sufficient?
Gave Native Americans 160 acres for 25 years, but if they could not learn to live on the land the government would take it
What are 2 things the Farmers Alliance did to help support farmer?
Supported cooperative selling and buying
Gov built warehouses for storing crops
While waiting they would survive off gov loans
What is a consolidation?
The practice of combining separate companies
What are all the different inventions and who created them?
Morse Code Samuel Morse
The telephone Alexander Bell
The Assembly Line Henry Ford
The light Bulb Thomas Edison
Airplane Wilbur and Orville Wright
What is an Entrepreneur?
A person who starts a business
What is a monopoly?
Total control of an industry by a single producer
What is collective bargaining?
Discussions between an employer and union representatives over wages, hours, and working conditions.
How many hours did workers work on average in the lat 1800s and early 1900s?
84
Explain the hardships of working in a sweatshop.
Long work hours with no breaks
No safety precautions
Harsh working conditions
What are Labor Unions and what did they do?
Organization of workers who seek better pay and working conditions. They would negotiate terms with their bosses.
What were the names of the two government reception centers that most immigrants would pass through?
Ellis Island and Angel Island
What was one of the biggest challenges of coming to America?
Finding a job
What did the Chinese Exclusion Act do?
Prohibited Chinese workers from entering the US for 10 years
What were some of the major cities that we talked about and what were they known for?
Chicago meatpacking
New York seaport
San Francisco seaport
Kansas City meatpacking
Pittsburg steel production
What is a tenement?
A building in which several families live in a single-room or apartment
What were come of the hardships that people faced when living in a city?
Cramped living
Stinks because of too much waste in sewers.
Why did reading and the production of magazines and newspapers being to grow in the late 1800s early 1900s?
Increase of education, reading material, and free time
What did the term Nickelodeons refer to in the late 1800s early 1900s?
Movie Theaters
What were progressives?
Had several goals for fixing urban problems, improving government, and regulating business
What were political machines?
Group of people that controlled local government, jobs, and services in cities during the late 1800s early 1900s
What were examples of corruption by political machines?
Accepting bribes, overlooking city codes, and receiving illegal kickbacks from companies.
What act would be made to break up monopolies?
Sherman Antitrust Act
What is a tariff?
A tax charged on imported goods
What is socialism?
They believe that the government should own resources and operate major industries on behalf of all the people.
What was the Women’s Suffrage Movement?
Women fighting to get the same/equal rights as men including the right to vote
Who were the rough riders?
The first US volunteer cavalry that TR led in the Spanish American War.
What is discrimination?
Unfair treatment, usually based on prejudice toward a certain race, ethnic group, religion, age group, or gender.
What is isolationism?
Is a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups especially the political affairs of other countries
What is imperialism? Why did it take place?
The policy of extending a nation’s rule over other territories and countries
