Chapter 22 1 2 3 4 5 Flashcards
What type of entertainment did elections provide
brass bands, torchlight parades, picnics, and long speeches
What two concerns shaped politics
Corruption and Power of the Rich
What often led to corruption
Patronage
Who became president on 1881
James Garfield
Who became president after James Garfield died
V.P. Chester A. Arthur
What was president James Garfield a product of
The Spoil System
What did President Grover Cleveland sign in 1887 that dealt with interstate issues
The Interstate Commerce Act (Created the Interstate Commerce Commission [ICC])
What did the Interstate Commerce Act forbid
practices such as pools and rebates
Who became President in 1888
Benjamin Harrison
What do Benjamin Harrison sign in 1890 that was antitrust
The Sherman Antitrust Act
What did Political Bosses do
gained power in many cities and ruled country and state governments
With who were City bosses popular
poor and immigrants
What did City bosses do with poor/immigrants
provided loans so that they would vote for someone of the boss’s choice
Who cheated New York City out of more than $100 million during the 1860s and 1870s
Boss William Tweed
Who exposed Boss Tweed
Journalists
Where did Tweed flee to and get arrested
Spain (died in jail)
What did reformers use to turn the public opinion against corruption
they used the press
What were the reformers called
Muckraker
Who was a popular Muckraker who made How the Other Half Lives
Jacob Riis
Who made The Jungle, a novel which revealed the details of the meatpacking industry
Upton Sinclair
What was the time between 1898-1917 called
the Progressive Era (because Progressives won many changes)
Which progressive became governor of Wisconsin and introduced progressive reforms (Wisconsin Idea)
Robert La Follette
What progressive reforms did Robert La Follette introduce (Wisconsin Idea)
Lowered railroad rates, called for primitives to allow voters to participate more with elections, adopted a primary (1903)
What gave voters more power
Initiatives, referendums, and recalls
What did the 16th Amendment do (passed in 1913)
Let congress pass an income tax
What did the 17th Amendment do (ratified 1913)
Allowed for direct election of senators
What is a Trustbuster
person who wanted to destroy all trusts
What is the Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt’s campaign promise that all groups would have an equal opportunity to succeed
What is the Pure Food and Drug Act
a 1906 law that requires food and drug makers to list ingredients on packages
What is Conservation
protection of natural resources
What is a National Park
area set aside by the federal government for people to visit
What is the Bull Moose Party
Progressive Republicans who supported Theodore Roosevelt during the election
What is New Freedom
President Wilson’s program to break up trusts and restore American economic competition
What is the Federal Reserve Act
a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government that power to control the money supply
What is a Muckracker
journalist who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800s and 1900s
What is a Progressive
reformer in the late 1800s and early 1900s who wanted to improve American life
What is Public Interest
the good of the people
What is the Wisconsin Idea
series of Progressive reforms introduced in the early 1900s by Wisconsin governor Robert La Follette
What is a Primary
election in which voters choose their party’s candidate for the general election
What is Initiative
process by which voters can put a bill directly before the state legislature
What is a Referendum
process by which people vote directly on a bill
What is a Recall
process by which voters can remove an elected official from office
What is Graduated Tax Income
tax on earnings that charges different rates for different income levels
What is the Gilded Age
the period in American history lasting from the 1870s to the 1890s, marked by political corruption and extravagant spending
What is Patronage
the practice of awarding government jobs to political supporters
What is the Civil Service Commission
government agency created by the Pendleton Act of 1883 to fill federal jobs on the basis of merit
What is Civil Service
all federal jobs except elected offices and those in the military
What is Interstate Commerce
business that crosses state lines
What is the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
government agency organized to oversee railroad commerce
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act
a 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States
Why did Theodore Roosevelt enter politics
to end corruption
Where did Teddy Roosevelt fight in 1898
Spain
To who was Theodore Roosevelt a V.P.
President McKinley
After McKinley was shot in 1901 who became President?
President Theodore Roosevelt
What trusts were broken up under T.R. using the Sherman Antitrust Act
Northern Securities (first time Sherman Antitrust act was used against trusts), Standard Oil, and American Tobacco Company
Who was the first president to side with labour
Theodore Roosevelt
Who ran and won the 1904 election
Theodore
What was the ICC given the power to do in 1906
set railroad rates
Who backed William Howard Taft
Theodore Roosevelt
Who was William Howard Taft before becoming president
The Secretary of War before becoming President
What type of causes did William Howard Taft support
Progressive
Who ran against Taft as a Republican Candidate in 1912
Theodore Roosevelt
After Roosevelt lost the Republican nomination what did he form
The Bull Moose Party
Because of the split in the Republican party, who won the election of 1912
Woodrow Wilson of the Democratic Party
Who created New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson
What passed in 1913 to regulate banks
The Federal Reserve Act (to regulate banks)
What was created in 1914 to ensure fair competition between businesses
The FTC (Federal Trade Commission)
What was signed in 1914 by Woodrow Wilson to ban some business practices which limited free enterprise and stopped antitrust laws from being used against unions
Clayton Antitrust Act
What was William Tweed’s nickname
Boss Tweed
What was the Spoil System
Unfair deciding of jobs and position and nepotism
What was made in 1869 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA)
Who were important woman suffragists
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt
What was passed in 1919 which guaranteed women the right to vote
The 19th Amendment
Even after the 19th Amendment what did women struggle to receive
jobs and education
What did women move to ban
Alcohol
What was passed in 1917 that banned alchohol
The 18th Amendment
What was the National Woman Suffrage Association
group set up in 1869 to work for a constitutional amendment to give women the right to vote
What is a Suffragist
person who worked for women’s right to vote
What was the 19th Amendment
a 1919 amendment to the United States Constitution that gives women the right to vote
What is the WCTU
(Women’s Christian Temperance Union) group organized in 1874 that worked to ban the sale of liquor in the United States
What is the 18th Amendment
a 1917 amendment to the United States Constitution that made it illegal to sell alcoholic drinks
What was an African American organization in America
The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People)
Who made the NAACP
W.E.B Du Bois
Who wrote Up from Slavery and built trade schools for blacks
Brooker T. Washington
Who was a black journalist for Free Speech
Ida B. Wells
Who was the first African American to be worth over $1 million
Sarah Walker
Who was a black scientist who researched peanuts
George Washington Carver
What is a Lynch
for a mob to illegally seize and execute someone
What is the N.A.A.C.P
(National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) organization founded in 1909 to work toward equal rights for African Americans
What is a Barrio
Mexican neighborhood in the US
What is a Mutualista
Mexican American mutual aid group
What was the “Gentlemen’s Agreement”
a 1907 agreement the US and Japan to limit immigration
What is the Society of American Indians
group that worked for social justice and tired to push Native American into the American mainstream
Where did Mexicans live
Barrios in lands from the Gadsden Purchase and Treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo
Why did Mexicans move to America
famine and revolution in Mexico
What were immigrant workers use for
cheap labour
Where did Asian Americans come from
Korea, Japan (from Gentlemen’s Agreement), and Philippines
What did the Dawes Act do
divided reservations into farmland to bring natives into mainstream american life, though the land was unsuitable for farming
