Chapter 21 1 2 3 4 Flashcards
What is Urbanization
movement of population from farms to cities
What is a tenement
small apartment in a city slum building
What is a building code
standards for construction and safety of buildings
What is Social Gospel
movement within American Protestantism in the late 1800s that attempted to apply biblical teachings society’s problems
What is the Salvation Army
an international charitable organization
What is the Young Men’s Hebrew Association
(YMHA) organization founded in Baltimore in 1854 to provide community services to jewish neighborhoods
what is a settlement house
community center organized in the late 1800s to offer service to poor
What is the Hull house
settlement house founded by progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889
What was the biggest fire
The Chicago Fire
What gave cities a population boost
immigrants and people moving from farms
What was made for poor people living in urban cities
tenements
What diseases raged through tenements
Typhoid, Cholera, and Tuberculosis (biggest killer)
How did the urban middle class live
in urban sprawl (rows of neat houses where disease broke out less frequently)
How did the rich live
in gated mansions on the outskirts of the city
What were problems in cities
crime, fires (in tenements especially), pollution, garbage pickup, viruses, overcrowding
Who made “How the Other Half Lives”
Jacob Riis
What set standards for construction and safety
building codes
What were new buildings required to have
fire escapes and decent plumbing
What did zoning laws do
kept factories out of neighborhoods to reduce pollution
What improved the safety of cities
improved water systems, street lights, public transportation, police and fire companies (building codes and zoning too)
Who helped the poor
Religious Groups/Organizations
Who made the Salvation Army
William Booth
What did the Salvation Army do
spread Christian teachings and provided food and shelter
What did the YMHA (Young Men’s Hebrew Association) do
provided social activities, encouraged good citizenship, and helped Jewish families preserve their culture
Who was a leading figure in the settlement house movement
Jane Addams
What did the Hull House do
offered a variety of service to help immigrants and poor and campaigned for reform
What is a push factor
condition that drives people from their homeland
what is a pull factor
condition that attracts people to move to a new area
What is a steerage
on a ship, the cramped quarters for passengers paying the lowest fares
What is the Statue of Liberty
a large statue symbolizing hope and freedom on Liberty Island in New York Harbor
What is acculturation
process of holding on to older traditions while adapting to a new culture
What is nativism
antiforeign belief opposed to immigration
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States
What push factors pushed people out of countries
persecution, political unrest, religious unrest
What pull factors brought people to the country
Farmland opportunity, industrial jobs, freedoms, stability, food
Where did immigrants landing on the east coast land
Ellis Island (New York City)
Where did immigrants landing on the west coast land
Angel Island (San Franscico)
Who made up “Old Immigrants”
The early wave of English, Irish, Germans, and Scandinavians
Who made up “New Immigrant”
The later wave of people from Southern and Eastern Europe (Italians, Poles, Greek, Russians, and Hungarian), Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, Philippians )
What opposition appeared against immigrants
Nativists causing hate
What did the Nativists form
the American Protective Association
What is a skyscraper
a tall building with many floors
What is a Suburb
residential area on the outskirts of a city
What is a department store
large retail store with a variety of goods organized in separate departments
What is Vaudeville
variety show made popular in the late 1800s that included comedians, song-and-dance routines, and acrobats
What was Ragtime
popular music of the late 1800s that had a lively, rhythmic sound
What is Compulsory Education
the requirement that children attend school
What does Parochial mean
church sponsored
What is Yellow Journalism
news reporting, often biased or untrue, that relies on sensational stories and headlines
What is a Dime Novel
low priced paperbacks`
What is a Realist
writer or artist who shows life as it really is
What is Local Color
speech and habits of a particular region
Where was the first skyscraper built
Chicago
What was a problem that occurred because of skyscrapers
traffic
Where was the first American subway built
Boston
Who planned Central park
Fredrick Law Olmsted
Who opened Macy’s in New York
R. H. Macy
What was the most popular sport in the nation
baseball
Where did football grow out from
European soccer
Who invented basketball
James Naismith
What people contributed to Vaudeville
The Marx Brothers and Will Rogers
When did American Education advance
late 1800s and 1900s
What are the 3 Rs
Reading, ‘riting, ‘rithmetic
What did early schools emphasize
discipline and obedience
What changed in education
woman started getting an education, higher education expanded (universities and private schools), and special types of education became more common
What rised with education
reading
Who made the first modern mass-circulation newspaper
Joseph Pulitzer
What are 2 realist authors
Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) and Kate Chopin
