Chapter 21: Social Movements and Social Change

Question 1

acting crowds

Answer 1

crowds of people whoare focused on a specific action or goal

Question 2

alternative movements

Answer 2

social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals

Question 3

assembling perspective

Answer 3

a theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action

Question 4

casual crowds

Answer 4

people who share close proximity without really interacting

Question 5

collective behavior

Answer 5

a non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage

Question 6

conventional crowds

Answer 6

people who come together for a regularly scheduled event

Question 7

crowd

Answer 7

when a fairly large number of people share close proximity

Question 8

diagnostic framing

Answer 8

when the social problem is stated in a clear, easily understood manner

Question 9

emergent norm theory

Answer 9

a perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior

Question 10

expressive crowds

Answer 10

crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

Question 11

flash mob

Answer 11

a large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time

Question 12

frame alignment process

Answer 12

using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement

Question 13

mass

Answer 13

a relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity

Question 14

modernization

Answer 14

the process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies

Question 15

motivational framing

Answer 15

a call to action

Question 16

new social movement theory

Answer 16

theory that attempts to explain the proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to understand using traditional social movement theories

Question 17

prognostic framing

Answer 17

when social movements state a clear solution and a means of implementation

Question 18

public

Answer 18

an unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas

Question 19

reform movements

Answer 19

movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure

Question 20

religious/redemptive movements

Answer 20

movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals

Question 21

resistance movements

Answer 21

those who seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure

Question 22

resource mobilization theory

Answer 22

theory that explains social movements’ success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals

Question 23

revolutionary movements

Answer 23

movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society

Question 24

social change

Answer 24

the change in a society created through social movements as well as through external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations

Question 25

social movement industry

Answer 25

the collection of the social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goals

Question 26

social movement organization

Answer 26

a single social movement group

Question 27

social movement sector

Answer 27

the multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varying constituents and goals

Question 28

social movement

Answer 28

a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal

Question 29

value-added theory

Answer 29

a functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur